Animal Tissue and Anatomy

In females, the 7th sternum is boat shaped and in males, genital pouch or chamber lies ventrally by the 9th sternum.

Meninges  are the membranes that envelop the central nervous system.

Sense organ concerned with the maintenance of equilibrium, in mammals are located in internal ear.

The outer most layer of connective tissue covering the brain is duramater.

Alimentary canal, also called digestive tract, is the pathway by which food enters the body and solid wastes are expelled. The alimentary canal includes the mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus.

Malleus, incus, and stapes are the three ear ossicles (small bones in the ear).

Pinna is the scientific term for outer ear.

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver.

The gall bladder is located on the inferior surface of the liver, specifically in a fossa on the right lobe. It stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver, releasing it into the duodenum via the bile duct when needed for fat digestion.

Laryngitis is the inflammation of the larynx (voice box), which is located in the throat. The larynx contains the vocal cords and is responsible for producing sound. When inflamed, it causes hoarseness or loss of voice. The liver (A) is involved in metabolism, ear (B) in hearing/auditory function, and brain (C) in neural processing - none are directly affected by laryngitis.

Islets of Langerhans are present as a part of the pancreas. The islets of Langerhans are the regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine cells. Discovered in 1869 by German pathological anatomist Paul Langerhans at the age of 22, the islets of Langerhans constitute approximately 1 to 2% of the mass of the pancreas.

Skin consists of two main layers: The outer layer, known as the epidermis and the inner layer, known as the dermis.

The upper surface of the tongue has small projections called papillae. This is the correct option.

This is the correct option. Hepatic duct (from the liver) and cystic duct (the duct of gall bladder) together form the common bile duct.

The truncus arteriosus in frogs is guarded by three semilunar valves that prevent backflow of blood into the ventricle during ventricular relaxation. These valves are similar to the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary) in the human heart and ensure unidirectional blood flow from the single ventricle to the arterial system.