Ancient and World History

Memphis was established as the capital of unified Egypt by Menes.

Menes, also known as Narmer, is credited with the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt.

Ancient Egyptian civilization is generally cited as lasting for about 3,000 years, from the early dynastic period to the Roman conquest.

The Nile River provided the water, fertile soil, and transportation necessary for the development of Egyptian civilization.

Statistic has been called "science of king" as in ancient times it was mainly used by kings to collect information about their kingdom and the people in it (similar to the government today). This is why its also called "political arithmetic" or "the science of state craft" as politicians may use it as a powerful tool to gain popularity among the public (by boasting about high economic growth or low unemployment and inflation rates) and thus get votes to remain in power. 

Deimachos was a Greek ambassador who succeeded Megasthenes at the Mauryan court, sent by Antiochus I Soter.

Megasthenes was sent as an ambassador to the court of Chandragupta Maurya by Seleucus I Nicator, the founder of the Seleucid Empire.

Vimakadphisus was the son of Kujula Kadiphses (founder of Kushan dynasty). He conquered the whole of northwestern India and issued gold coins with the title "Lord of the whole world."

The Greek historians, following Alexander's campaign, called the region Pentapotamia, which translates to land of five rivers.

Medieval China is credited with the invention of gunpowder, the seismograph (by Zhang Heng), and the mariner's compass, among many other technological advancements.

Charlemagne promoted the Carolingian Renaissance, which sought to revive Roman culture and art, often blending it with Byzantine influences to legitimize his empire.

Confucius born in 551 BC was a politician, musician and philosopher who wandered throughout China as government employee and later as Chou dynasty political adviser. The philosophy and teachings of Confucius came to be known as Confucianism whose goal was learning to be human. Lao Tzu translated as 'Old Master' from 604 BC is believed to be author of Taoism. Before leaving civilization he wrote a book Tao Te Ching, which became the important text of Taoism. Taoist believe everything is one despite all appearances. In 440 CE China adopted Taoism as state religion.  

Justinian I also known as Justinian the great was the Easter Roman Emperor from (527-565 AD). His reign reached heights because of his complete revision of the Roman Law and his Judicial reforms.

The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived the fall of the West, became known as the Byzantine Empire, named after its capital city, Byzantium (later Constantinople).