Ancient and Medieval Indian Rulers

The Vijayanagara Empire was ruled by four successive dynasties: the Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva, and Aravidu dynasties. Since all three listed options are correct, 'All the above' is the correct choice.

The battle of Raichur fought by Sri Krishnadevaraya, King of Vijayanagar empire and Ismail Adil Shah, the king of Bijapur. It was a turning point in the history of south India in the 16th century. It resulted in a decisive victory for Vijayanagar forces and the Bijapur ruler was defeated and pushed across the river Krishna.

Sri Krishnadevaraya concluded a treaty with the Portuguese in 1510. It allowed them to build forts in Bhatka and to trade in Goa. In return, Portuguese agreed to supply the best quality of war horses to the king. 

The Battle of Talikota was fought between Vijaynagar Kingdom and Sultanates of Deccan. The Vijaynagar Kingdom was defeated in the Battle. The war took place on 26th January, 1565. After the death of Krishna Deva Raya the fall of Vijayanagar Empire began. Two rulers Achyuta Raya and Sadasiva Raya were weak.

Harihara I was the first ruler of the Sangama dynasty and was succeeded by his brother Bukka I in 1356.

Devaraya II also known as Proudha Devaraya. He ascended the throne in 1422. and ruled upto 1446 A.D. Devaraya II is also known as Prouda Devaraya. Inducted a large number of Musims in the army (their induction however had begun during Devraya’s I reign). Nuniz informs us that a large number of kings paid tribute to him.

The successor of Saluva Narasimha was Immadi Narasimha. Narasimha's eldest son, Thimma Bhupa, was murdered by an army commander and one of Narasa's enemies in 1492 so Narasimha's youngest son, Narasimha Raya II, ascended his brother to the throne as king. He was enthroned as Immadi Narasimha. Although he was named king, the authentic control came from Narasa’s eldest son and successor, best known as Vira Narasimha. He ordered the murder of Immadi Narasimha in 1505. He then ascended the throne and inaugurated the Tuluva dynasty, the third dynasty of Vijayanagar and reigned from 1503-1509

Tirumala was the first king of Aravidu dynasty but his brother Rama Raya later ascended the throne of Aravidu Dynasty which was fourth and last dynasty of the Hindu empire of Vijayanagar in southern India. Rama Raya had been the masterful regent of the Sadasiva Raya of the Tuluva dynasty. 

Sadasiva Raya was a ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire, a powerful South Indian empire based in the Deccan in 16th century India. The reign was from 1542-1570. They lost their empire to Aravidu dynasty.

Sri Krishnadevaraya was known as Andhra Bhoja due to his patronage of arts and literature, similar to the legendary King Bhoja of Dhar.

In the year 1420 or 1421 A.D. during the Vijayanagara Empire, Nicolo Conti, an European visitor visited India during the reign of Deva Raya II. It was during this time that the explorer Nicolo Conti and Persian chronicler Abdur Razzak arrived in South India. His visit must have taken place shortly after the accession of Deva Raya II.

The Kalinga king Prataparudra Gajapati was defeated by Sri Krishna devaraya. Krishnadevaraya planned for an invasion of mainland Kalinga-Utkal but the Gajapati Emperor, Prataparudra, privy of this plan had built up a strategy to rout the Vijayanagara army and along with it its king, Krishnadevaraya. The confrontation was to happen at the fort of Kalinganagar. But the wily Timmarasu secured the information by bribing a Telugu deserter, formerly under the service of the mighty Prataprudra deva. Prataprudra was driven to Cuttack, the capital of the Gajapati empire and eventually surrendered to Vijaynagar, giving his daughter Princess Annapurna Devi in marriage to Sri Krishna Deva Raya.