Chemistry · Science General

Alcohols, Ethers and Carboxylic Acids

359 Questions

Alcohols, ethers, and carboxylic acids questions explore organic chemistry reactions, chemical formulas, and compound identifications. The topics cover practical applications like antifreeze production and specific chemical conversions. This material helps candidates preparing for science oriented competitive exams.

Organic reactionsChemical compounds identificationAlcohol conversionCarboxylic acid propertiesIndustrial chemical applications

Alcohols, Ethers and Carboxylic Acids Questions

Multiple choice chemistry aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids uses of aldehydes and ketones organic compounds with functional group containing oxygen (part-2) carbonyl compounds

Which of the following can be used as a solvent for cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, and celluloide?

  1. Formaldehyde

  2. Acetaldehyde

  3. Acetic acid

  4. Acetone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Acetone is most used industrial solvent, for many synthetic fibers. It is good solvent for synthetic fibres as it is denaturant and it reduces explosive reactions.
Multiple choice chemistry aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids uses of aldehydes and ketones organic compounds with functional group containing oxygen (part-2) carbonyl compounds

Acetone is used:

  1. for extraction of essential oils

  2. as a constituent of liquid nail polish

  3. both A and B

  4. none of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Acetone is used for extraction of essential oils and a constituent of liquid nail polish. Also. It is used in perfumes as it causes aroma.

Multiple choice chemistry aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids uses of aldehydes and ketones organic compounds with functional group containing oxygen (part-2) carbonyl compounds

Butyraldehyde are produced commercially by:

  1. hydroformylation

  2. hydroacetylation

  3. formylation

  4. acetylation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Hydroformylation is an industrial process for the formation aldehydes from Alkenes also called as oxo-synthesis
Butyraldehyde also produced commercially from Hydroformylation.
Multiple choice chemistry hydroxy compounds and ethers physical properties of phenol physical properties of alcohols and phenols organic compounds with functional group containing oxygen (part-1)

Alcohols of low molecular weight are:

  1. soluble in water

  2. soluble in water on heating

  3. insoluble in water

  4. insoluble in all solvents.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Alcohols of low molecular weight are soluble in water while that of high molecular weight are insoluble in water .because of high hydrogen bonding in low molecular weight Alcinous.

Multiple choice chemistry hydroxy compounds and ethers physical properties of phenol physical properties of alcohols and phenols organic compounds with functional group containing oxygen (part-1)

Which of the following is not a characteristic of alcohol ?

  1. They are lighter than water.

  2. Their boiling points rise fairly uniformly with rising molecular weight.

  3. Lower members are insoluble in water and organic solvents but the solubility regularly increases with molecular mass.

  4. Lower members have a pleasant smell and burning taste, higher members are colourless and tasteless.

  5. Higher members have a pleasant smell and burning taste, lower members are colourless and tasteless.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A. Alcohols are lighter than water because water molecules are closely packed together due to extensive H-bonding, which means that it has more mass in the same volume than either alcohol or oil. In addition, alcohol is made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms while water is made up of oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
B. Their boiling points rise fairly uniformly with rising molecular weight this is because boiling point depends on the intermolecular interactions such as H-bonding which decreases as the chain length decreases.
C. Lower members are soluble in water and organic solvents but the solubility regularly decreases with molecular mass because of ease of H-bonding in smaller alcohol molecules than those having long hydrocarbon chain.
D. Lower members have a pleasant smell and burning taste, higher members are colourless and tasteless.
Multiple choice chemistry hydroxy compounds and ethers physical properties of phenol physical properties of alcohols and phenols organic compounds with functional group containing oxygen (part-1)

The compound which gets dissolved in water is :

  1. $C _{2}H _{6}$
  2. $C _{2}H _{4}$
  3. $C _{2}H _{2}$
  4. $C _{2}H _{5}OH$
  5. $C _{3}H _{8}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Option D or Ethanol dissolves in water. 


Ethanol has electronegative oxygen atom in it, and hence it takes part in hydrogen bonding with water. 

Because of excessive hydrogen bonding with water, Ethanol dissolves in it.

Multiple choice chemistry hydroxy compounds and ethers physical properties of phenol physical properties of alcohols and phenols organic compounds with functional group containing oxygen (part-1)

Which of the following cannot be dissolved in alcohol?

  1. Dyes and drugs

  2. Soaps and varnishes

  3. Resins and varnishes

  4. Rubber and plastics
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Rubber and plastic cannot be dissloved in alchol because of nonpolar nature of rubber and plastics

Multiple choice chemistry hydroxy compounds and ethers physical properties of phenol physical properties of alcohols and phenols organic compounds with functional group containing oxygen (part-1)

Which of the following has a higher boiling point?

  1. Butanol

  2. Butanal

  3. Both of them have similar boiling point

  4. Cannot say anything

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

There is a large difference between boiling points of butanol and butanal, although they have almost the same solubility in water. Butanol contains -OH group and can form hydrogen bonds. Hence, the molecules are associated. A large amount of energy is required to break the association. Hence, butanol has a higher boiling point. Hydrogen bonding is not possible in butanal.

Multiple choice chemistry hydroxy compounds and ethers physical properties of phenol physical properties of alcohols and phenols organic compounds with functional group containing oxygen (part-1)

Solubility of alcohols in water is _______ to that of hydrocarbons of comparable molecular masses.

  1. greater than

  2. similar

  3. lesser than

  4. none of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Since alcohols can participate in $H-$bonding while hydrocarbons cannot, alcohols are able to interact with water molecules more easily than hydrocarbons of comparable molecular masses. Hence alcohols possess greater solubility in water than hydrocarbons of comparable molecular masses.
Multiple choice chemistry hydroxy compounds and ethers physical properties of phenol physical properties of alcohols and phenols organic compounds with functional group containing oxygen (part-1)
Lower alcohols are more soluble in water than higher alcohols.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Lower alcohols are more soluble in water than higher alcohols. With the increase in the molar mass, solubility decreases. In alcohols, $-OH$ group is polar and forms hydrogen bonds with water. This makes alcohol water soluble. The alkyl chain (hydrocarbon chain) is non-polar and decreases the solubility of alcohol in water.

Multiple choice chemistry hydroxy compounds and ethers physical properties of phenol physical properties of alcohols and phenols organic compounds with functional group containing oxygen (part-1)

Alcohols containing only up to ________________ carbon atoms are completely miscible with water.

  1. 10

  2. 3

  3. 8

  4. 14
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

 Alcohol-containing up to $3-$ carbon atoms are completely miscible with water in all proportions. This is due to the hydrogen bonding with water molecule. 

Multiple choice chemistry hydroxy compounds and ethers physical properties of phenol physical properties of alcohols and phenols organic compounds with functional group containing oxygen (part-1)

Phenol is an organic compound even though it is soluble in water due to the presence of:

  1. ionic bonding

  2. covalent bonding

  3. hydrogen bonding

  4. coordinate bonding
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Phenol is an organic compound even though it is soluble in water due to the presence of hydrogen bonding. Phenol has hydroxyl group which is involved in the formation of hydrogen bonds with water. It increases the solubility.  Hydrogen bonding is possible when $H$ atom is attached to electronegative $N,\ O$ or $F$ atom.

Multiple choice preparation of haloalkanes halogen derivatives carbon tetrachloride ddt

For the preparation of chloroethane,

  1. $HCl$ gas is passed through ethanol.

  2. ethanol is treated with thionyl chloride in the presence of dimethyl amine or pyridine.

  3. ethyl sulphide is treated with hydrogen chloride.

  4. any of the above methods can be employed.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

${C} _{2}{H} _{5}OH\xrightarrow [  ]{ SO{ Cl } _{ 2 } }  {C} _{2}{H} _{5}Cl+{SO} _{2}+HCl$
(a). $HCl$ bond is strong, no reaction.

Multiple choice preparation of haloalkanes halogen derivatives carbon tetrachloride ddt

By the action of $PCl _3$ or $PCl _5$ with alcohols alkyl halides and a by product $HCl$ is formed.The byproduct HCl is absorbed by using :

  1. $Et _3N,C _5H _5N$
  2. $Et _2NH,C _5H _5N$
  3. $Et _NH _2,C _5H _5N$
  4. $Et _3N,C _6H _5N$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

By the action of $PCl _3$ or $PCl _5$ with alcohols alkyl halides and a
by product $HCl$ is formed.The byproduct $HCl$ is absorbed by using Triethyl amine($Et _3N$),pyridine($C _5H _5N$) which are bases and neutralise the acid like $HCl$ and $HBr$ etc.

Multiple choice preparation of haloalkanes halogen derivatives carbon tetrachloride ddt

Trimethyl amine used for _______ in  the preparation of alkyl halide from alchohol and phosphorous halide.

  1. the absorption of hydrogen halide

  2. the release of Hydrogen halide

  3. as the catalyst

  4. none
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Trimethyl amine and pyridine used for the absorption of hydrogen halide.in  the preparation of alkyl halide from alchohol and phosphorous halide.As these two are bases which can neutralize the acids like $HCl$ and $HBr$
Hence option A is correct.