Acids and Bases

Tamarind contains tartaric acid. Citric acid is found in citrus fruits, acetic acid in vinegar, and oxalic acid in spinach.

Milk of magnesia (magnesium hydroxide) is a common antacid used to neutralize excess stomach acid.

Normal human urine is typically slightly acidic, with a pH usually ranging between 6.0 and 7.5, depending on diet and metabolic state.

A coordinate bond is formed by two atoms sharing a pair of electrons. The atoms are held together because the electron pair is attracted by both of the nuclei.For example,NH₄⁺ is formed by the transfer of a hydrogen ion from the hydrogen chloride to the lone pair of electrons on the ammonia molecule.H₂SO₄ also has this type of bonding pattern.

These amino acids are hydrophobic and have no charge on the 'R' group. They have equal number of amino and carboxyl groups and are neutral.The amino acids in this group are alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenyl alanine, glycine, tryptophan, methionine and proline.

Formic acid is commonly used in the rubber industry to coagulate latex (rubber milk) into solid rubber. It acts as an acidifying agent to lower the pH of the latex.

Muriatic acid is a historical name for hydrochloric acid (HCl), commonly used in industrial cleaning.

Vinegar is essentially a dilute solution of acetic acid, typically containing 5 to 8 percent acetic acid by volume. The other acids listed are not the primary components of standard vinegar.

By definition, all Arrhenius acids dissociate in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+).

The medium of plasma is basic as its pH is 7.4.

This option is correct and can be explained as follows: Basicity is defined as the number of replaceable H atoms. Since phosphorus acid H₃PO₃ has only two replaceable atoms its basicity is two.

This option is correct because for strong acids (which are completely ionized) only concentration is the measure of strength but for weak acids (which are incompletely ionized) both degree of ionization (K_a) and concentration is required.

This option is correct as we know that aprotic solvents do not have replaceable hydrogen in them and are non-polar or very weakly polar non-dissociated liquid which do not solvate strongly. Like Hydrocarbons, C₆H₆ maintains all these properties and is an aprotic solvent.

This option is correct as we know that acids always donate a proton and in the given reaction NH₃ changes to NaNH₂ which contains NH₂^- ion. This means that NH₃ has donated a proton to Na. Hence, acts as an acid.