Acids and Bases

Heroin (diacetylmorphine) is synthesized from morphine by acetylation with acetic anhydride, resulting in two acetyl groups attached to the morphine structure. The chemical name diacetyl morphine accurately describes this modification.

The carboxylic acid functional group is -COOH, consisting of a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to the same carbon atom. Option A (-COO) represents a carboxylate ion, option C (-OH) is just a hydroxyl group, and option D is incorrect since option B is valid.

Lemons contain citric acid, which gives them their characteristic sour taste. Citric acid is a weak organic acid found naturally in citrus fruits like lemons, limes, oranges, and grapefruits. Carbonic acid is in carbonated drinks, tartaric acid is in grapes/tamarind, and oxalic acid is in spinach/rhubarb.

Caro's acid (peroxymonosulfuric acid) has the formula H2SO5, containing a peroxide linkage (-O-O-). It is a powerful oxidizing agent used in organic synthesis and industrial processes.

Marshall's acid (peroxodisulfuric acid) has the formula H2S2O8. It contains two sulfur atoms each in +6 oxidation state, linked by a peroxide bridge. It is a strong oxidizing agent.

Amphoteric oxides are those which react with both bases and acids.

Yes, both are incorrect. Incorrect statement: Ni(0), Cu(I), Hg(II) and Pt(II) are soft acids.

Incorrect statement: Li(I), Ca(II), Al(III) and Si(IV) are hard acids.

This question asks for the chemical name of sulphuric acid (H2SO4). The correct answer is B - sulphuric acid itself, as it's asking for the name, not a different compound. Option A (sodium bicarbonate) is baking soda, and option C (sodium carbonate) is washing soda. Option D is incorrect since B is valid.

Aspirin's chemical name is Acetyl Salicyclic Acid (Acetylsalicylic acid). It is a widely used pain reliever, fever reducer, and anti-inflammatory medication. Acetyl Acetate and Cobalt Oxide are different compounds, and 'Acetylic Acid' appears to be a misspelling.

This is the correct option. Sulphuric acid and nitric acid dissolve in rainwater and fall to the Earth in the form of acid rain.

Sulfuric acid is the electrolyte in lead-acid batteries. The chemical reaction between lead dioxide and sponge lead plates with sulfuric acid generates electrical energy. Hydrochloric and nitric acids would react differently and damage the battery.

 oxalo acetic acid 

Weak bases do not ionise completely in an aqueous solution. Ammonium hydroxide also does not completely ionise in the medium. Hence, it is a weak base.

Strong acids are those which ionis completely in the medium. Because of complete ionisation they give ions only in the medium.e.g.HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄ etc.