Kalidasa, widely regarded as ancient India's greatest Sanskrit poet and playwright, flourished during the reign of Chandra Gupta II (Vikramaditya, c. 380-415 CE). He was one of the 'Navratnas' (nine gems) in Vikramaditya's court. His famous works include 'Shakuntala,' 'Meghaduta,' and 'Raghuvamsha.' Ashoka, Samudra Gupta, and Chandra Gupta Maurya ruled in different periods - Kalidasa belonged specifically to the Gupta period under Chandra Gupta II.