Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay wrote "Vande Mataram" in 1882 as part of his novel "Anandamath." The song, meaning "I bow to thee, Mother," became a rallying cry for India's independence movement. Tagore sang it at the 1896 Congress session, and it was later adopted as India's national song (not anthem) in 1950. Option A is his brother Sarat, and Option C wrote Jana Gana Mana.