To answer this question, you need to understand the concept of inheritance in object-oriented programming.
Option A) X extends Y is correct if and only if X is a class and Y is an interface - This option is incorrect because in Java, a class can extend another class or implement an interface. It is not limited to only extending classes and implementing interfaces.
Option B) X extends Y is correct if and only if X is an interface and Y is a class - This option is incorrect because in Java, a class can extend another class or implement an interface. It is not limited to only extending interfaces and implementing classes.
Option C) X extends Y is correct if X and Y are either both classes or both interfaces - This option is correct. In Java, a class can extend another class and implement multiple interfaces. Similarly, an interface can extend multiple interfaces. So, X extends Y is correct if both X and Y are either both classes or both interfaces.
Option D) X extends Y is correct for all combinations of X and Y being classes and/or interfaces - This option is incorrect because, as explained above, extending a class and implementing an interface are two different concepts in Java. The correct statement is that X extends Y is correct if both X and Y are either both classes or both interfaces.
The correct answer is Option C.