Multiple choice

T-helpers during HIV infection can be bypassed by all of the following, except

  1. failure of regulatory T-cells

  2. polyclonal activation of B-cells

  3. idiotypic mechanisms

  4. antigenic cross-reaction

  5. T-cell recognition of carrier complexed to autoantigen

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A Correct answer
Explanation

Failure of regulatory T-cells would release the T-helper for direct stimulation by antigen. This statement is therefore incorrect, since this would not be a bypass of the T-helpers.