Multiple choice

Which of the following cannot bypass the T-helpers?

  1. Failure of regulatory T-cells

  2. Polyclonal activation of B-cells

  3. Idiotypic mechanisms

  4. Antigenic cross-reaction

  5. T-cell recognition of carrier complexed to autoantigen

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A Correct answer
Explanation

Failure of regulatory T-cells would release the T-helper for direct stimulation by antigen. This statement is therefore incorrect, since this would not be a bypass of the T-helpers.