In C#, the 'base' keyword is used to call the parent class constructor from a child class constructor. This is commonly done using the constructor initializer syntax (e.g., 'public Child(int x) : base(x)'). The 'super' keyword is used in Java for the same purpose, but this question is clearly C#-focused given the terminology and context. Creating a parent object inside the child class and using 'this' keyword serve different purposes.