Quality Assurance Methods are usually considered :
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Detective
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Preventive
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Corrective
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Protective
Quality Assurance (QA) focuses on preventing defects through process improvement, standards, and guidelines implemented BEFORE testing begins. QA methods like audits, reviews, and training are preventive by nature. This distinguishes QA from Quality Control (QC), which detects defects through testing.
Quality Assurance is a process-oriented, preventive discipline: it focuses on building good processes, standards and reviews into the development lifecycle so defects never get created in the first place. This contrasts with Quality Control, which is detective — it finds defects that already exist by testing/inspecting finished output. So QA methods (audits, process definition, training, standards) are classified as preventive rather than corrective or protective.