To answer this question, let's go through each option to understand why it is correct or incorrect:
Option A) A properly configured test environment - This option is a pre-condition for test execution. Without a properly configured test environment, the tests may not be able to run successfully.
Option B) A thoroughly specified test procedure - This option is not always a pre-condition for test execution. While having a thoroughly specified test procedure can help in executing tests effectively, it is not always necessary. Some testing approaches, such as exploratory testing, may not require a detailed test procedure.
Option C) A process for managing identified defects - This option is a pre-condition for test execution. Test execution is typically followed by defect management, where identified defects are logged, tracked, and managed.
Option D) A test Oracle - This option is a pre-condition for test execution. A test oracle is a mechanism or criterion used to determine the expected outcome of a test. Without a test oracle, it would be difficult to determine whether the test results are correct or not.
The correct answer is Option B) A thoroughly specified test procedure. This option is not always a pre-condition for test execution as some testing approaches may not require a detailed test procedure.