Multiple choice technology security

Which among the below is an example of information leakage vulnerability

  1. Displaying “Welcome, “+request.getParameter(“userid”)

  2. Displaying “You entered either a wrong user id or password” error message

  3. Call stack trace

  4. Return error code 404

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Call stack traces expose internal implementation details (file paths, method names, library versions, framework info). This helps attackers understand system architecture and identify vulnerabilities. Displaying user-specific info (A) or generic error messages (B) is less risky. 404 errors (D) are standard and safe.