The Ramayana was composed by the sage Valmiki approximately around 300 BCE (though dates range from 500-100 BCE in scholarly consensus). Valmiki is revered as the adi kavi (first poet) in Sanskrit literature. Kalidasa wrote much later (c. 4th-5th century CE), and Ganesh is the deity who is believed to have served as Vyasa's scribe for the Mahabharata, not the Ramayana's author.