Tag: infectious diseases - transmission and prevention
Questions Related to infectious diseases - transmission and prevention
The vector of Kluchereria bancrofti is
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Aedes
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Culex
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Anopheles
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Pediculus
Wuchereria bancrofti is a human parasitic roundworm that is the major cause of lymphatic filariasis. W. bancrofti carries out its lifecycle in two hosts. Humans serve as the definitive host and mosquitos as the intermediate host or vector. The microfilariae are transferred into a vector i.e., female Culex mosquito. Hence, female Culex act as a vector of Wuchereria bancrofti.
Which of the following infections is transmitted chiefly from person to person
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Viral encephalitis
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Meningococcal meningitis
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Eastern equine encephalitis
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All the above
- Meningitis is the Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord membranes, typically caused by an infection.
- If the meningitis is caused by bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, it is called as Meningococcal meningitis.
- Symptoms include pain in sudden high fever, severe persistent headache, neck stiffness, nausea or vomiting, joint pains, drowsiness, confusion, etc.
- People spread meningococcal bacteria to other people by sharing respiratory and throat secretions (saliva or spit) when they cough or sneezes.
- Hence Meningococcal meningitis infection is transmitted chiefly from person to person.
- So, the correct answer is 'Meningococcal meningitis.
When children play bare-footed in pools of dirty water and flood water, they may suffer from
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Leptospirosis and bilharzia
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Malaria, amoebic dysentery and leptospirosis
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Bilharzia, infective hepatitis and diarrhoea
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Guineaworm infection, elephantiasis and amoebic dysentery
When children play barefoot in pools of dirty water and flood water, they may suffer from Leptospirosis and bilharzia.
- Leptospirosis occurs due to a bacteria of the genus Leptospira and can occur through direct contact with urine from infected animals or through water, soil or food contaminated with their urine, this can happen on swimming or wading in fresh unchlorinated water contaminated with animal urine or by coming into contact with wet soil or plants contaminated with animal urine.
- Bilharzia is caused by parasitic flatworms called schistosomes and is transmitted by snails that carry the parasite. It occurs when ponds, streams and irrigation canals harbour bilharzia-transmitting snails, where the parasites may penetrate the human skin to enter the bloodstream and migrate to the liver, intestines and other organs.
In which one of the following cases can you catch the infection if you come in contact with an infected person?
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Blood cancer
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High blood pressure
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Diabetes
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Sneezing
Disease causing microbes can spread through the air. This occurs through the little droplets thrown out by an infected person who sheezes or coughs. Another person standing close by can breathe in these droplets and the microbes infect him also. Diseases which spread like this are common cold, pneumonia and tuberculosis.
Choose the correct match:
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First line defence - Fever
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Second line defence - CMI
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Third line defence - AMI
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Fourth line defence - pH of vagina
| The first line of defence | It includes the physical and chemical barriers, that defend the body from infection. e.g. tears, mucus, cilia, stomach acid, fever. |
|---|---|
| The second line of defence | It is a group of cells, tissues and organs that work together to defend the body from infections. It mainly occurs through macrophages, neutrophils, interferons. |
| Third line of defence | It occurs through the specific immune system. e.g. B- cells (antibodies) and T- cells |
| Fourth line of defence | There are only three line defence in the human body |
So, the correct answer is 'Option 'First line defence - Fever' and 'Third line defence - AMI'.'
Which, of the following cannot be detected in a developing foetus by amniocentesis?
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Jaundice
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Downs syndrome
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Cystic fibrosis
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Colour blindness
Amniocentesis is used to detect hereditary and enzymatic abnormalities in the foetus. Down's syndrome cystic fibrosis and colourblindness are genetic disorders while jaundice is an infectious disease.
The world's largest industry in the private sector and highest projected generator of jobs is ________.
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Business services
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Health services
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Professional services
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Education services
Which of the following state has excelled in health and sanitation in India?
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Karnataka
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Andhra Pradesh
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Telangana
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Kerala
Sikkim, Haryana, and Kerala, nevertheless, excelled in sanitation programmes, with Sikkim topping with 100 percent sanitation coverage. Gujarat failed badly; the restricted role of beneficiaries, poor technological options that did not cater to their needs, and lack of awareness contributed to this state of affairs. The delivery mechanism was also faulty.
When people do not get to eat a balanced diet and hence miss out on the recommended daily quota of carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, iron, calcium etc. then this is called ___________.
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Malnutrition
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Hyper nutrition
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Poverty
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None of the above
When people do not get to eat a balanced diet and hence miss out on the recommended daily quota of carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, iron, calcium etc. the condition is called malnutrition. Diet taken by people does not contain sufficient nutrients in such case.
Communicable diseases spread through ___________.
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Water
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Food
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Air
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All of the above
There are several ways disease-causing agents get from one person to another:
- Airborne or droplet infection (e.g. colds, flu).
- Animal borne or insect borne infection (e.g. rabies, malaria, Lyme Disease).
- Blood borne infection (e.g. HIV, hepatitis).
- Food borne or water borne infection (e.g. salmonella, giardia).
- Sexually transmitted (e.g. chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis).
- Other direct contact (e.g. some kinds of warts, scabies).
- Indirect contact (e.g. colds and flu carried from person to person on dirty tissues, money, door knobs, phones, computer keyboards).