Tag: infectious diseases - transmission and prevention

Measles is caused by the type of paramyxovirus known as rubella virus.

Explanation: It is an actual infectious disease of cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat. It distances transportation. In India, the disease is enzootic in nature. Etiology environmental conditions, malnutrition and long distance transportation. In India, the disease is enzootic in nature.

Encephalitis is the disorder in which there is inflammation of the meninges of the brain. This disease may be caused due to bacterial or viral infection and is transmitted by the vector which is the Culex mosquito. Malaria is a disorder which is caused by the protozoan Plasmodium vivax. The disease is transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito. 

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• A disease vector is an agent who carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism.
• Female Anopheles mosquito serves as vector for malaria.
• Musa(house fly)serves as a vector for at least 65 diseases to humans, including typhoid fever, dysentery, cholera, poliomyelitis, yaws, anthrax, tularemia, leprosy, and tuberculosis.
• Culex mosquito serves as a vector for arbovirus infections such as West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis, or St. Louis encephalitis, but also filariasis.
• Hence Vectors are Anopheles, Musca, and Culex.
• So, the correct answer is 'Anopheles, Musca, and Culex'.

Droplet infection is an infection transmitted from one individual to another by droplets of moisture expelled from the upper respiratory tract through sneezing or coughing. Direct transmission occurs when there is physical contact between an infected person and a susceptible person. Droplet infection is a mode of direct transmission in which the infection is transmitted by coughing, sneezing.

• Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes include: malaria, dengue,Yellow fever,Elephantiasis West Nile virus, chikungunya, filariasis, tularemia, dirofilariasis, Japanese encephalitis, Saint Louis encephalitis, Western equine encephalitis, Eastern equine encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Ross River fever, Barmah Forest fever, La Crosse encephalitis, and Zika fever,as well as newly detected Keystone virus and Rift Valley fever.
• Out of pneumonia, gangrene, yellow fever, dengue fever, malaria and elephantiasis, mosquitoes transmit 4 diseases they are Yellow fever, dengue, malaria, and elephantiasis.
  
• So, the correct answer is '4'.

• A disease vector is an agent who carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism.
• Vector-borne diseases are human illnesses caused by parasites, viruses, and bacteria that are spread by insects like mosquitoes, sandflies, triatomine bugs, black flies, ticks, tsetse flies, mites, snails and lice. For example, Female Anopheles mosquito is a vector for malaria.
• Hence Vector insects are which spread disease.
  
• So, the correct answer is 'Spread disease'.

• African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is an insect-borne parasitic disease of humans and other animals. It is caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei. It is transmitted by the bite of an infected tsetse fly which acts as a vector.
  
• Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease affecting humans and other animals caused by Plasmodium species. The disease is most commonly transmitted by an infected female Anopheles mosquito which acts as a vector.
  
• Kala-azar is a disease caused by protozoan parasites belonging to genus Leishmania. The disease is transmitted by insects which act as vectors such as sand fly.

Biological agents which cause disease are known as pathogens that are the micro-organisms which when successfully infect the human body, multiply and produce toxins in incubation period which interfere with the normal functioning of the body and cause disease. A virus is a small, infectious, biological agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms.