Tag: plant breeding

Questions Related to plant breeding

The main objective of plant breeding is to develop new crop varieties superior in all aspects as compared to the existing types.

botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Plant breeding is a method of altering the genetic pattern of plants to increase their value and utility for human welfare. It is a purposeful manipulation of plants to create desired plant types that are better suited for cultivation, give better yield and are disease resistant. The main aim of plant breeding is to obtain higher yield, improved quality, resistance to pathogens and pests, etc.

So the given statement is true.

Which of the following variety of rice has been produced by the hybridisation of Oryza japonica and O. indices?

botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

  1. Jagannath

  2. Aruna

  3. ADT-37

  4. Reimei

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

ADT-37 is an inter varietal cross between Oryza Japonica and Oryza Indices. 

Collection of genetic variability is required in plant breeding programme because

botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

  1. It leads to inbreeding depression in hybrids

  2. It is the root of any breeding programme

  3. Diverse alleles in germplasm helps you to choose desirable charters

  4. Both (2) and (3)

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Genetic variability is the cornerstone of breeding with the advent of molecular biology, traditional interspecific, intergenetic and plant type barriers to gene transfer have been removed. By isolating the gene for a particular trait and inserting it into a new host by a range of techniques the gene becomes a part of the host.DNA.

So, the correct option is 'Both (2) and (3)'.

"Bengal Desi" is a Hybrid variety of which of the following crops?

botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

  1. Jute

  2. Cotton

  3. Sesame

  4. Gram

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Correct Option: B

How many meiotic divisions are necessary for the formation of 100 grains of wheat?

botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

  1. 100

  2. 125

  3. 25

  4. 50

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
For formation of 100 grains, 100 male gametes and 100 female gametes (eggs) are required. 100 male gametes are developed from 100 microspores (from 25 meiotic divisions) and 100 eggs are developed from 100 megaspores (from 100 meiotic division).
Hence, number of meiotic divisions necessary for 100 grains formation$ = 25 + 100 = 125$.

In high yielding hybrid crop varieties to exploit hybrid vigour, the farmers need to purchase fresh hybrid seed every year because 

botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

  1. They are not allowed to grow their own seed.

  2. Hybrid vigour is lost due to inbreeding depression.

  3. It is cheaper to purchase fresh seed.

  4. Government has accepted Dunkel's proposals.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Hybrid vigour will be lost due to inbreeding depression. The increase in the level of production traits due to crossing is called hybrid vigour or heterosis. The term hybrid vigour points at the vigour, which is a real factor that can bee seen by the naked eye, in comparison to pure breeding. The other word heterosis is derived from heterozygosity and points toward the direction form where the effect arises. The direction of the effect of crossing is opposite the effect of inbreeding. Inbreeding depression is the reduced biological fitness in a given population as a result of inbreeding - ie., breeding of related individuals. Population biological fitness refers to its ability to survive and reproduce itself.

The first natural hybridization in corn was done by

botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

  1. Cotton Mather

  2. Thomas Fairchild

  3. Joseph Koerauter

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The crossing between genetically different plants to produce a new variety is called as hybridization. Genetically modified crops can be produced by insertion of genes with desired traits by the process of hybridization. The first natural hybridization was recorded by Cotton Mather. This was observed and documented in corn in the year 1716. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Pomato is a hybrid of

botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

  1. Potato

  2. Tomato

  3. Wheat

  4. Both A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

  • The crossing between genetically different plants to produce a new variety is called hybridization.
  • Genetically modified crops can be produced by the insertion of genes with desired traits by the process of hybridization.
  • The plants of potato and tomato are the plants of the different genus. These plants are allowed to perform hybridization.
  • The resulting plant variety is known as pomato. Cherry-type tomatoes are grown on the climber while the potatoes are developed below the soil. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Which one is a plant wax?

botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

  1. Lanolin

  2. Spermaceti

  3. Carnauba

  4. Petrolatum

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Carnauba wax is made from the leaves of the palm tree. It is also known as palm wax. It is obtained from the leaves of the carnauba palm by collecting and drying them, beating them to loosen the wax, then refining and bleaching the wax.

So, the correct answer is 'Carnauba'.

To obtain seedless watermelon, which among the following method is followed?

botany plant breeding common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production tissue culture

  1. Apomixis

  2. Somatic hybridization

  3. Organogenesis

  4. Micropropagation

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • Isolated protoplasts from two different varieties of plants – each having a desirable character – can be fused to get hybrid protoplasts, which can be further grown to form a new plant. These hybrids are called somatic hybrids while the process is called somatic hybridization.
  • Protoplasts are used to produce variations in the morphology of leaves and flowers, ability/potential of the growth of the embryo, and enhancement of disease resistance in plants.
  • To obtain seedless watermelon, somatic hybridization methods are followed.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Somatic hybridization'.