Tag: plant breeding
Questions Related to plant breeding
The agriculture sector of India employs about
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$50$ percent of the population
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$70$ percent of the population
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$30$ percent of the population
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$60$ percent of the population
The agriculture sector of India employs about 70 percent of the population, in which 80% are rural population. The agriculture share in the GDP of India is 20.5 %.
Desired improved variety of economically useful crops are raised by
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Natural selection
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Hybridization
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Mutation
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Biofertilizer
Vegetable crop cultivation is known as
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Horticulture
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Sericulture
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Silviculture
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Apiculture
Horticulture has been defined as the agriculture of plants, mainly for food, materials, comfort and beauty. According to American horticulturist Liberty Hyde Bailey, "Horticulture is the growing of flowers, fruits and vegetables, and of plants for ornament and fancy." Hence, vegetable crop cultivation is known as Horticulture.
Wide hybridisation has been used for producing
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Haploids
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Dihaploids from tetraploids
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Trihaploids from hexaploids
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All the above
Wide hybridization can be used to transfer the desirable variability. It is used for producing haploids, diploids from tetraploids and trihaploids from hexaploids.
First artificial hybrid was obtained by crossing sweet william and carnation in $1717$ by
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G.J Mendel
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M.S Swaminathan
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P.Maheshwari
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Thomas Fairchild
A. G.J Mendal is known for his discovery of fundamental laws of inheritance.
So, the correct answer is 'Thomas Fairchild'.
Totipotency is accurately defined as
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Regeneration
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Production of a plant from a part
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Induce roots
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Produce somatic embryo
Totipotency - The ability of cells such as an embryonic stem cell to differentiate into any type of body cell. Plant cells are also totipotent, which helps to explain why a graft of a plant can generate a whole new individual out of just a small branch cutting.
Totipotent cells can form all the cell types in a body, plus the extraembryonic, or placental, cells. Embryonic cells within the first couple of cell divisions after fertilization are the only cells that are totipotent. Pluripotent cells can give rise to all of the cell types that make up the body; embryonic stem cells are considered pluripotent. Multipotent cells can develop into more than one cell type, but are more limited than pluripotent cells; adult stem cells and cord blood stem cells are considered multipotent.
Norin-10 gene is
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Dwarf gene of rice
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Dwarf gene of wheat
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Dwarf gene of tomato
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Smut resistant gene of wheat
The Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b dwarfing genes were derived from Norin-10, which was a semi-dwarf variety bred in Japan and released in 1935 (Gale and Youssefian, 1985). Norin-10 was used in US breeding programs in the 1950s in order to improve lodging resistance in winter wheat, in which lodging was a serious problem when high rates of nitrogen fertilizers were applied. A selection from a cross of Norin-10 with the US variety, Brevor was particularly promising and was used by Borlaug in the development of the green revolution wheat varieties. Wheat Norin-10 is a semi-dwarf wheat cultivar with very large ears that was bred at an experimental station in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. Norin-10 helped developing countries, such as India and Pakistan, to increase the productivity of their crops from approximately 60% during the green revolution. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Which of the following instrument can be used to record plant growth by seconds?
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Porometer
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Potometer
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Pressure bomb
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Crescograph
A crescograph is a device for measuring growth in plants. It was invented in the early 20th century by Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose. The Bose crescograph uses a series of clockwork gears and a smoked glass plate to record the movement of the tip of a plant (or its roots) at magnifications of up to 10,000. Marks are made on the plate at intervals of a few seconds, demonstrating how the rate of growth varies under varying stimuli. Bose experimented with temperature, chemicals, gases and electricity.
The aim of plant breeding programme is to produce
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Disease-free varieties
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High-yielding varieties
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Early-maturing varieties
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All of the above
Which is not applicable to the biological species concept?
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Hybridization
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Natural population
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Reproductive isolation
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Gene Pool