Tag: zoology

Retroviruses, though have single-stranded RNA genomes but provide perhaps the most promising vector system of all. During the process of reverse transcription, sequences from the termini of viral RNA are duplicated to generate long terminal repeats(LTRs). These long terminal repeats contain both the promoter and the polyadenylation signal for the transcription of viral mRNAs. The specificity of proviral DNA integration is also determined by the long terminal repeats. Although retroviruses can integrate at many sites within the cellular genome, integrative recombination always occurs at particular sites at the ends of the LTRs. The sequences appropriately inserted between the two LTRs will be integrated intact which contrasts sharply with the integration of papovavirus or adenovirus DNA, during which extensive rearrangements of the integrated viral sequences are commonplace. A further great advantage of retroviruses is that they are natural transducing viruses.

Cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. The term clone is used in horticulture to refer to descendants of a single plant which were produced by vegetative reproduction. Many horticultural plant cultivars are clones, derived from a single individual, multiplied by some process other than sexual reproduction.

Dolly was a female domestic sheep, and the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer ie, cloning me.method called Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer or SCNT. A clone has the same DNA sequence as its parent and so they are genetically identical. In SCNT, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced with the nucleus of a donor adult cell. Since 99.9% of the cell’s DNA is contained in the nucleus, the resulting animal will share almost exactly the same DNA as the original donor cell. So, the correct answer is option B.

Ecological hot spots are large areas of Earth's land surface which have high concentrations of plant endemism and also experience high rates of habitat loss. In India, 4 ecological hot spots are presently identified. The Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland constitute the biodiversity hot spots in our country. One of the major features of these places is the presence of numerous endemic species.

• A biodiversity hotspot is an area which has lost at least 70 per cent of its primary native vegetation 

• It contains at least 1,500 species of vascular plants which are endemic.

• There are currently 36 recognized biodiversity hotspots.

• These are Earth’s most biologically rich yet threatened terrestrial regions.

• The hotspots provide crucial ecosystem services for human life, such as provision of clean water, pollination and climate regulation.
  

• Conservation in the hotspots promotes sustainable management of these essential natural resources and supports economic growth, which also reduces drivers of violent conflict.
  

• So, the answer is in-situ conservation.

• A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region that is both a significant reservoir of biodiversity and is threatened with destruction.
• The term biodiversity hotspot specifically refers to biologically rich areas around the world that have lost at least 70 per cent of their original habitat.
• There are 34 biodiversity hot spots across the globe, among which three occur in India such as the Western Ghats & Sri Lanka, Indo-Burma (North East India) and the Himalayas.
  
• Hence Western ghats & Sri Lanka, Indo Burma and Himalaya are Hot Spots of biodiversity in India.ervo
• So, the correct answer is 'The Western Ghats & Sri Lanka, Indo Burma and Himalaya'.

Ecological hot spots are large areas of Earth's land surface which have high concentrations of plant endemism and also experience high rates of habitat loss. In India, 4 ecological hot spots are presently identified. The Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland constitute the 4 biodiversity hot spots in our country. One of the major features of these places is the presence of numerous endemic species.

Blastogenesis is the process of formation of offsprings asexually from reproductive bodies and does not include meiosis and fertilization. 

Intersex is referred to as the variation in sex characteristics that does not allow the individual to be distinctly called as male or female.
Hermaphrodite is an organism who has both male and female sex organs (not necessarily characteristics).
Bisexual means hermaphrodite.
If an individual exhibits both male and female secondary sexual characteristics is called as gynandromorph.
So, the correct answer is option D.