Tag: zoology

Questions Related to zoology

_________ is prepared by killing the microorganisms.

zoology diseases and immunity vaccine and immunization infectious diseases - transmission and prevention infectious diseases and how to prevent them

  1. Antibiotics

  2. Antibody

  3. Vaccine

  4. Drug

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Correct Option: C

Who initially developed the vaccine for rabies in man?

zoology diseases and immunity vaccine and immunization infectious diseases - transmission and prevention infectious diseases and how to prevent them

  1. Robert Koch

  2. Joseph Lister

  3. Louis Pasteur

  4. Stanely

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • Vaccines are the suspension of the live or killed microorganism which mainly activates the immune response. 
  • Louis Pasteur produced the first vaccine for rabies by growing the virus in rabbits. 
  • Pasteur was the first scientist to artificially attenuate viruses for use in vaccines. 
  • He created several veterinary vaccines before his development of the rabies vaccine in 1885 for use in humans. 
  • So, the correct answer is option C.

The process of attenuation was demonstrated by 

zoology diseases and immunity vaccine and immunization infectious diseases - transmission and prevention infectious diseases and how to prevent them

  1. Koch

  2. Pasteur

  3. Edward Jenner

  4. None of the above

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Attenuation is a process of injecting dead or weakened organisms of a particular disease into a healthy individual. So, as to create an active immunity against the infection. This was 1$^{st}$ demonstrated by Edward Jenner by administering cow pox virus (non fatal disease) to prevent small pox (fatal viral disease) infection.

So, the correct answer is 'Edward Jenner'

Safe and effective means of producing artificial immunity against small pox by vaccine was first discovered by

zoology diseases and immunity vaccine and immunization infectious diseases - transmission and prevention infectious diseases and how to prevent them

  1. Edward Jenner

  2. Haffkine

  3. Dr. Salk

  4. L. Pasteur

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins.
  • Smallpox vaccine was discovered by Edward Jenner. It was the first successful vaccine ever to be developed and remains the only effective preventive treatment for the fatal smallpox disease.
  • Hence Safe and effective means of producing artificial immunity against smallpox by the vaccine was first discovered by Edward Jenner.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Edward Jenner'.

First DPT dose be given when the baby is 

zoology diseases and immunity vaccine and immunization infectious diseases - transmission and prevention infectious diseases and how to prevent them

  1. Six weeks old

  2. Fourteen weeks old

  3. Nine months old

  4. 2-5 years old

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

DPT is a vaccine that stands for diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus. As a general rule for all newly born children, it is essential to give the first dose of DPT at the age of 6 weeks. DPT vaccine provides immunization against diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough) and tetanus.

So, the correct option is 'Six weeks old'.

Vaccines are

zoology diseases and immunity vaccine and immunization infectious diseases - transmission and prevention infectious diseases and how to prevent them

  1. treated bacteria or viruses or one of their proteins

  2. MHC proteins

  3. the same as monoclonal antibodies

  4. all of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. 


So, the correct option is 'Option A'.

At present, animal cell culture technology is extensively used for the production of 

zoology diseases and immunity vaccine and immunization infectious diseases - transmission and prevention infectious diseases and how to prevent them

  1. Chylomicrons

  2. Antibiotics

  3. Vaccines

  4. Edible proteins

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The animal cell lines are cultured in the laboratory on the artificial media which requires a specific temperature. Biological products produced by recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology in animal cell cultures include enzymes, synthetic hormones, immunobiological (monoclonal antibodies, interleukins, lymphokines), and anticancer agents.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Consider the following statements (a-e) each with one or two blanks.


a. Lactobacillus promotes the curdling of milk by creating a (1) environment.
b. Vaccines employ the use of (2). They give protection against (3) diseases.
c. The (4) Anopheles mosquitoes are carriers of malaria and dengue is spread by (5) Aedes mosquito.
d. The crops that require more water for growth and are sown in the month of June are called (6) crops, while those that require less water for growth and are grown during the winter season are called (7) crops.
e. Manual scattering of seeds in the field is called __(8)_.

Select the correct option to fill any four or five blanks.

zoology diseases and immunity vaccine and immunization infectious diseases - transmission and prevention infectious diseases and how to prevent them

  1. (1) Acidic , (2) antibodies, (3) bacterial, (4) female

  2. (1) Alkaline, (4) female, (5) male, (6) kharif, (7) rabi

  3. (1) Acidic, (6) kharif, (7) rabi, (8) winnowing

  4. (2) Weak germs, (4) female, (5) female, (6) kharif, (7) rabi

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Lactobacillus promotes curdling of milk by creating an acidic environment. A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. It is made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. Human malaria is transmitted only by females of the genus Anopheles. Dengue is spread through the bite of the female mosquito (Aedes aegypti). Kharif crops are those crops which are grown in monsoon season from the month of June to September. They need more water than rabi crops for their growth and development. Broadcasting is the method of random scattering of seeds on the surface of the seedbed. It can be done manually or mechanically.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Study the following statements and select the incorrect ones.
(i) Pyramids of energy and yearly biomass production can never be inverted, since this would violate the laws of thermodynamics.
(ii) Pyramids of standing crop and numbers can be inverted, since the number of organisms at a time does not indicate the amount of energy flowing through the system.
(iii) There are certain limitations of ecological pyramids such as they do not take into account the same species belonging to two or more trophic levels.
(iv) Saprophytes are not given any place in ecological pyramids even though they play a vital role in the ecosystem.

zoology energy flow in an ecosystem the energy pyramid ecological pyramid ecological pyramids

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (iii) and (iv)

  3. (ii) and (iii)

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The second law of thermodynamics states that whenever energy is transformed, there is a loss energy through the release of heat. This occurs when energy is transferred between trophic levels as illustrated in a food web. When one animal feeds off another, there is a loss of heat (energy) in the process. Additional loss of energy occurs during respiration and movement. Hence, more and more energy is lost as one moves up through trophic levels. If this pyramid is inverterved, it would violate the law of thermodynamics. Hence the pyramid can never be inverted.

The pyramid of numbers depicts the relationship in terms of the number of producers, herbivores and the carnivores at their successive trophic levels. There is a decrease in the number of individuals from the lower to the higher trophic levels. The number pyramid varies from ecosystem to ecosystem. Since the amount if energy flowing through the system is not indicated, the pyramid can be inverted.
These are the diagrammatic illustrations of connection between different trophic levels in terms of energy, biomass and number of an organism. The base of each pyramid represents the producers or the first trophic level. Apex represents tertiary or top level consumers. If any species belongs to two or more trophic level, it can causes differences and issues in energy flow and numbers. 
Saprophytes are organisms which feed on dead and decaying matter and these pyramid exhibit interaction between the living components and decomposers interact with dead organisms at all level. This makes it difficult to place it in the ecological pyramid. Hence, they are not given any place in ecological pyramids even though they play a vital role in the ecosystem.
So the correct option is 'none of these'.

Who proposed the concept of ecological pyramids?

zoology energy flow in an ecosystem the energy pyramid ecological pyramid ecological pyramids

  1. Odum

  2. Clements

  3. Tansley

  4. Elton

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Odum is the father of modern ecology. Clements proposed the theory of plant succession. The tern ecosystem was proposed by Tansley. Elton proposed the concept of ecological pyramids. Hence, it is also called as Eltonian pyramids. Ecological pyramid is a graphical representation that shows the biomass at each trophic level. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Elton.'