Tag: zoology

Vavilov collected not less than 26,000 varieties of wheat alone, were kept in cultivation at Leningrad. These collections formed the basis for new theories on the origin of cultivated plants and laid the foundation for the future improvement of crop plants and of one of the largest and oldest seed banks in the world today.

Germplasm is a term used to describe living genetic resources such as seeds or tissue, maintained for the purpose of breeding, preservation, and other research uses. These resources may take the form of seed collections stored in seed banks, trees growing in nurseries, animal breeding lines maintained in animal breeding programs or gene banks, etc. Germplasm collections can range from collections of wild species to elite, domesticated breeding lines that have undergone extensive human selection.
Holstein-Friesian (HF) gene bank collections were established in France  to conserve genetic diversity for this breed. The cryobanks have captured substantial amounts of genetic diversity for the HF compared with the current populations. A substantial part of the US, French, and Dutch collections seems to be genetically similar. On the other hand, the US collection in particular represents an interesting reservoir of HF genes of the past. Gene banks can play an important role in conserving genetic diversity within livestock breeds over time, and may support industry in the future when needed.

The Rht - B1b and Rht - D1b are dwarfing genes, derived from Norin - 10. Norin - 10, which was a semi - dwarf variety bred in Japan and released in 1935. Norin - 10 was used in order to improve lodging resistance in winter wheat. 

DNA probes are stretches of single-stranded DNA used to detect the presence of complementary nucleotide sequences (target sequences) by hybridization. Genomic library comprises large number of genes in the form of different nucleotide sequences of DNA fragments and they can be selected with the help of DNA probes.

The trichomes of Utrica cover the leaf and the stem surfaces, each trichome has a base attached to the epithelial layer, and a cell filled with irritant/allergent at the tip, that breaks on mechanical damage, touch, or when attempted to be eaten by herbivores. On breaking the chemical substances are injected into the predator causing unbearable irritation.

Histamine H2 receptors are located on parietal cells in the stomach. When stimulated, they trigger the secretion of gastric acid.

Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly after exposure to an allergen.

Mast cells are the type of white blood cells. They play important role in allergy and inflammatory reactions. They release chemicals like histamine upon exposure to the allergic component.

Allergies, also known as allergic diseases are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances (non-infectious) in the environment.  Symptoms may include red eyes, an itchy rash, sneezing, a runny nose, shortness of breath, or swelling. Hence, Allergy is a noninfectious, unnatural and unusual reaction to a substance or condition.

Allergies, also known as allergic diseases are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity (excessive) of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment. Symptoms may include red eyes, an itchy rash, sneezing, a runny nose, shortness of breath. Food, insect stings, and medications are common causes of severe reactions.