Tag: zoology

Vector host is an agent that transmits the pathogens of infectious disease from one living organism to another and may be a person, animal or microorganism. While the Anopheles mosquito is the vector for malarial parasites, sandfly is a vector for leishmaniasis, tsetse fly are vectors of trypanosomes that causes trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness. Houseflies on the other hand are vector for nearly 100 pathogens that causes, typhoid, cholera, salmonellosis, tuberculosis, anthrax etc., eer flies which belong to the genus Chrysops are vectors for pathogens that causes diseases such as anthrax, tularemia and loa loa filariasis.

• Amoebiasis or amoebic dysentery is an infection caused by any of the amoebae of the Entamoeba group( For example, Entamoeba histolytica).
• Symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, or bloody diarrhea.
  
• In the feces of a person suffering from Amoebiasis Small white stone-like Charcot-Leydon crystals are found. They are indicative of a disease involving eosinophilic inflammation or proliferation.
• So, the correct answer is 'Amoebiasis',

Trichomonas vaginalis is an anaerobic protozoan parasite. It causes trichomoniasis. It is a sexually transmitted infection. Symptoms include inflammation, itching and soreness around vaginal area, changes in vaginal discharge like profuse, yellowish to greenish, frothy discharge and pain during passing urine. While Treponema and Neisseria are bacteria Herpes simplex is a virus. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Plasmodium is the odd one as it is a digenetic endoparasite with the man as the primary host and female Anopheles mosquito as the vector. While lice, bedbug, and mites all are blood-sucking ectoparasites. Thus the correct answer is option B.

Entamoeba histolytica is an anaerobic parasitic amoebozoan, predominantly infecting humans and other primates causing amoebiasis or dysentery. Symptoms can include fulminating dysentery, bloody diarrhoea, weight loss, fatigue, abdominal pain, irregular bowel. Hence, relapsing fever is not a symptom of Entamoeba histolytica. So, the correct answer is 'Relapsing fever'.

• Sleeping sickness is caused by a parasitic flagellate protozoan called Trypanosoma ambience.
• The disease is transmitted between mammals hist by Tsetse fly
• Fever, severe headaches, irritability, extreme fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and aching muscles and joints are common symptoms of sleeping sickness.
• Hence The disease caused by Trypanosoma ambience is Sleeping sickness.
  
• So, the correct answer is 'Sleeping sickness'.

Entamoeba histolytica belongs to genus Entamoeba. It frequently exists in the human gastrointestinal tract, infecting the walls of the small intestine. It causes amoeboic dysentery  in  humans.

Trypanosomes are ingested by a Tsetse fly when it feeds on the blood of an infected animal. The trypanosome metacyclics develop further here, invade the local lymph vessels and then move into the bloodstream. The ensuing infection is characterized by successive waves of parasitaemia in the bloodstream, as parasite populations multiply rapidly and die off. The infected animal may die or eliminate the parasites and recover. T. vivax and T. brucei parasites may also invade an animal's connective tissues, and in the final stages of the disease, T. brucei may invade the central nervous system.

Microbiological pollutants that cause disease are defined as pathogens or pathogenic organisms. Decomposers break down organic matter, and eutrophication is a process of nutrient enrichment in water bodies.