Tag: zoology

Animals with constant body temperature are called homoootherms. They have insulating coat to check the loss of body heat. This coat consists of hair in most mammals, blubber (subcutaneous fat) in whales and perspiration cools down the body of these animals when required.These are also termed endothermic as they regulate their body temperature by physio;logical means and maintain more or less constant internal temperature. Poililotherms are cold-blooded animals which are unable to regulate their body temperature which changes with change in temperature of environment e.g. fish, frog, lizard. They are also called as ectothems.

Topography means the physical features of a place such as hills, plains, slopes, rocks, valleys,etc. The topography affects the distribution of organisms directly or indirectly by influencing other factors, such as light intensity, wind velocity nature of sol, rainfall water currents or wave action. 

The sun's surface emits about 63 million watts of energy per square meter. By the time it reaches the Earth, after traveling 150 million kilometers, or 93 million miles, it has dimnished to 1,370 watts per square meter which are equal to thousand of kilocalories.

Osmocoformers are the organisms that change the osmotic concentration of their body with the change in ambient conditions. Their body fluids are in osmotic balance with the environment For many marine invertebrates the osmolarity and ionic concentrations of their body fluids are similar to those of the sea water in which they live. 

Photosynthesis is a process that converts $CO _2$ into organic compounds and starch (carbohydrate) using energy from sunlight. $O _2$ is also released during this process.

Aquatic organisms are used to a certain range of temperature in the water-body where they live. A sudden marked change in this temperature can be dangerous for them. It affects breeding of aquatic animals. The eggs and larvae of various animals are particularly susceptible to temperature changes.