Tag: economics

• Under Panchayat Raj system the lowest unit is Gram Sabha.
  
• A Gram Sabha consists of members that include every adult of the village. It is generally formed in villages with the population at least exceeding 1500 people.
  
• Gram panchayats are the active units of Panchayat Raj System because it helps in levying and collecting taxes.
  
• Gram panchayats have the power to collect irrigation tax from State Tube wells and to impose a surcharge on land revenue.
  

Zilla panchayat is also called as district council. It is the third tier of Panchayat Raj system which is functional at the district level. Head of the Zilla panchayat is chairperson.

In order to decentralize power and to make the policies available to the people of even remote areas government has introduced a three-tier system of local governing bodies in the rural areas.

Municipality which is also called as Nagar Palika, Municipal Council or Municipal Corporation is a local self-governing body. These are found in the towns. Head of a municipality is Mayor

Leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar were not very comfortable with the idea of panchayat system because they felt that faction and caste-ridden nature of rural society would defeat the noble purpose of local government at the rural level.

• In India, seats are reserved for women in Panchayat Raj bodies which are local self-governing bodies.
  
• According to 73rd amendment, out of the total number of seats to be filled by the direct elections for local self-governing bodies, 1/3rd have to be reserved for women.
  

According to the census of India, an urban area should have following characteristics:

• A minimum population of 5,000.
  
• At least 75 percent of the working population engaged in non-agricultural occupations.
  
• A density of population of at least 400 persons per sq. km is required.
  

The Indian Administrative Service is the All India administrative civil service. Indian Administrative Services is the permanent bureaucracy in India. It forms an inseparable part of the executive branch of the Government of India. A person of the Indian Administrative Services is appointed to various posts in the State and Central Governments, and in Municipal Corporation, and Public Sector Undertakings. They are responsible for the law and order situation of the city along with general administration and development work of the areas under their charge.

In order to decentralise power and to make the policies available to the people of even remote areas government has introduced three tier system of local governing bodies in the rural areas.

Village panchayats are the basic units of panchayat Raj system. These village panchayats became central to the ideological framework of India's national movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.