To solve this question, the user needs to understand the concept of serialization in Java. Serialization is the process of converting a Java object into a stream of bytes so that it can be stored in a file or transmitted over a network. Deserialization is the reverse process of converting a stream of bytes back into a Java object.
The code given above defines a class Foo that implements the Serializable interface. This means that instances of Foo can be serialized and deserialized. The writeObject() method is a callback method that is called during serialization and allows the developer to customize the serialization process.
Option A: s.writeInt(x);
This option will write the integer value of x to the ObjectOutputStream. However, this is not enough to fully serialize the Foo object, as there are other instance variables besides x that also need to be serialized.
Option B: s.serialize(x);
This option is not valid, as there is no such method as serialize() in the ObjectOutputStream class.
Option C: s.writeObject(x);
This option will write the object x to the ObjectOutputStream. However, this will not fully serialize the Foo object, as x is just one instance variable and there are others that also need to be serialized.
Option D: s.defaultWriteObject();
This option is the correct answer. The defaultWriteObject() method serializes all non-transient, non-static instance variables in the object. This includes the instance variable x, as well as any other instance variables that Foo may have. By calling this method, we ensure that the entire Foo object is serialized and can be correctly deserialized later.
Therefore, the answer is: D