Tag: science & technology

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency can cause neurological symptoms including convulsions, particularly in infants and children. Pyridoxine is crucial for neurotransmitter synthesis including GABA, and its deficiency can lead to seizures that may be unresponsive to standard anticonvulsants but respond to B6 supplementation.

Pernicious anaemia is caused by Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency, specifically due to impaired intrinsic factor production needed for B12 absorption. This leads to megaloblastic anaemia where bone marrow produces large, immature red blood cells. The condition requires B12 injections or high-dose oral supplementation for treatment.

Vitamin A deficiency is a leading cause of preventable blindness in children, particularly night blindness (nyctalopia). Vitamin A is essential for the formation of rhodopsin, the pigment in rod cells that enables vision in low-light conditions. Deficiency also causes dry eyes (xerophthalmia) and can lead to complete blindness if untreated.

Beri-beri is caused by Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency. There are two forms: wet beri-beri (cardiovascular) and dry beri-beri (nervous system). Thiamine is essential for carbohydrate metabolism and nerve function. The condition is still seen in populations with polished rice diets and in alcoholics with poor nutrition.

The Indian rupee symbol was adopted in 2010 and the government estimated it would take 18-24 months for global recognition and adoption in international financial systems. This timeline was set for worldwide acceptance and integration.

The rupee symbol was chosen through an open competition conducted by the Indian government in 2010, inviting designs from across the country. Over 3,000 entries were received before Udaya Kumar's design was selected.

India became the fifth country in the world to have a distinct currency symbol, after the United States ($), United Kingdom (£), Japan (¥), and the European Union (€). The rupee symbol (₹) joined this exclusive club in 2010.