Tag: science & technology

A normal adult resting heart rate is approximately 60-100 beats per minute, with 72 bpm being a commonly cited average. Option B (70) falls within this normal range.

AB blood group individuals lack anti-A and anti-B antibodies, so they can receive blood from any group (A, B, AB, or O) without antibody-mediated rejection. They are called universal recipients.

Malaria primarily affects red blood cells, but the spleen becomes enlarged (splenomegaly) as it works to filter and destroy the infected RBCs. The malaria parasite (Plasmodium) replicates in red blood cells, causing their destruction.

Small pox is caused by the Variola virus, making it the only viral disease in this list. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), malaria by a protozoan parasite (Plasmodium), and cholera by bacteria (Vibrio cholerae).

The medulla oblongata is the lowest part of the brainstem, connecting the brain to the spinal cord. It controls vital autonomic functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Myopia (nearsightedness) is a refractive error of the eye where distant objects appear blurry. It occurs when the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too curved, causing light to focus in front of the retina.

Leukemia is a cancer of the body's blood-forming tissues, including the bone marrow and the lymphatic system. It involves the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells that crowd out healthy blood cells.

Trachoma is an infectious eye disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It is one of the leading causes of preventable blindness worldwide and affects the conjunctiva and cornea.

Lockjaw (trismus) is a characteristic symptom of tetanus, caused by the toxin Clostridium tetani. This toxin causes severe muscle spasms and stiffness, particularly in the jaw muscles (hence 'lockjaw') and neck.

Poliomyelitis (polio) is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, not through monkeys. The other pairs are correct: plague is associated with rats (fleas from rats), rabies with dogs, and tapeworm infections can come from undercooked pork.