Tag: science & technology

PPTP stands for Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol. It is a network protocol used to implement VPN tunnels between public networks. It was developed by a consortium including Microsoft and is one of the oldest VPN protocols.

MAC (Media Access Control) is a sublayer of the Data Link Layer in the OSI model that controls how devices access and share the communication medium. Every network interface has a unique MAC address for identification on the local network.

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Option B 'Di-oxy ribo nucleic acid' captures the correct components: deoxyribose sugar + nucleic acid. Option A has 'diribonucleic' which is misspelled. Option C is just RNA. Option D is incomplete.

IVF stands for In Vitro Fertilization, a medical technology where fertilization happens outside the body ('in glass' = in vitro). Options A and C incorrectly say 'viable fragments'. Option B incorrectly says 'fertile' instead of 'fertilization'.

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis. This is a fundamental concept in molecular biology - the 'central dogma' flows DNA → mRNA → protein. This statement is scientifically accurate.

The first complete nucleotide sequence of a tRNA molecule was determined in 1965 by Robert W. Holley and colleagues at Cornell University, for alanine tRNA from yeast. This was a landmark achievement in molecular biology.

A corm is an underground stem modification that exhibits dormancy, allowing plants to survive unfavorable conditions. Examples include taro and crocus. Beetroot, carrot, and potato are other root/tuber modifications but the question specifically asks which shows dormancy as a characteristic feature.

The Musaceae family (which includes banana and plantain) exhibits parallel venation in their leaves. This is characteristic of monocot plants, where veins run parallel to each other from base to tip rather than forming a network.

Beetroot is a modified root, specifically a taproot modification used for food storage. Unlike carrots (also taproots) or potatoes (tubers which are modified stems), beetroot stores nutrients in its root structure underground.