Tag: osi-model

To answer this question, the user needs to know about the different layers of the OSI model and their functions.

Error detection and recovery are functions that are performed at different layers of the OSI model, but the most common layer where it takes place is the Transport layer.

Options A, B, and E are incorrect because error detection and recovery do not take place at the Transport layer.

Option C, Data Link layer is also incorrect, because this layer is responsible for error detection and correction only for the local network segment.

Option D, Network layer is also incorrect, because this layer is responsible for routing and logical addressing.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

The Answer is: A (Transport)

To answer this question, the user needs to know about the OSI model and the different layers.

The OSI model is a conceptual model that describes how data is transmitted over a network. It has seven layers, each of which has a specific role in the communication process. These layers are:

1. Physical
2. Data Link
3. Network
4. Transport
5. Session
6. Presentation
7. Application

The IP (Internet Protocol) is implemented at the network layer of the OSI model.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

The Answer is: B. network

To answer this question, the user needs to have a basic understanding of the layers of the OSI model and their functions.

The layer that handles the formatting of application data so that it will be readable by the destination system is the presentation layer.

Explanation of each option:

A. application: The application layer is responsible for providing network services to the user's applications. It is the highest layer of the OSI model and includes protocols such as HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and Telnet. It does not handle the formatting of application data.

B. presentation: The presentation layer is responsible for the formatting and representation of data. It is responsible for converting data into a format that is readable by the destination system. This layer is also responsible for data encryption and compression. Therefore, option B is correct.

C. transport: The transport layer is responsible for the reliable transfer of data between two devices. It provides services such as segmentation, error recovery, and flow control. It does not handle the formatting of application data.

D. network: The network layer is responsible for the routing of data between devices on different networks. It is responsible for data addressing and packet forwarding. It does not handle the formatting of application data.

E. data link: The data link layer is responsible for the reliable transfer of data between two devices on the same network. It provides services such as error detection and correction, flow control, and access to the physical layer. It does not handle the formatting of application data.

Therefore, the answer is: B. presentation.

To answer this question, the user needs to have a basic understanding of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model and its different layers.

Bit synchronization refers to the process of coordinating the start and end points of a data transmission between two devices. This ensures that the receiving device can properly interpret the transmitted data.

Now, let's consider each option and see which layer is responsible for bit synchronization:

A. Physical: This layer is responsible for the transmission and reception of raw bit streams over a physical medium. It deals with physical connections and electrical signals. Bit synchronization is indeed handled at this layer, so option A is a correct answer.

B. Network: This layer is responsible for the routing and forwarding of data packets between different networks. It does not deal with the physical transmission of data, so option B is incorrect.

C. Physical: This is just a repeat of option A, so it is also correct.

D. Data Link: This layer is responsible for the establishment and maintenance of reliable data links between adjacent nodes. While it does handle some aspects of bit-level synchronization, such as framing, it is not responsible for the overall synchronization of data transmission. Therefore, option D is incorrect.

E. Presentation: This layer is responsible for the translation, compression, and encryption of data. It has no role in the synchronization of data transmission, so option E is incorrect.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

The Answer is: A. physical

To evaluate the statement, we need to understand the concept of logical addresses and network interface cards (NICs).

Logical addresses are identifiers assigned to devices on a network. They are used to route data between devices. Network Interface Cards (NICs) are hardware components that connect devices to a network.

Now, let's go through each option and explain why it is right or wrong:

A. True: This option is incorrect. Most logical addresses, such as IP addresses, are not preset in network interface cards at the factory. Instead, they are assigned dynamically by network protocols or manually configured by network administrators.

B. False: This option is correct. Most logical addresses are not preset in network interface cards at the factory. They are assigned dynamically or manually configured.

The correct answer is: B. False