Tag: technology

To answer this question, you need to understand the concept of "security-through-obscurity" and the corresponding security design principle.

Option A) Defense-in-depth - This option is incorrect. Defense-in-depth is a security design principle that advocates for implementing multiple layers of security measures to protect against potential threats. It does not specifically address the practice of "security-through-obscurity."

Option B) Open design - This option is correct. Open design is a security design principle that emphasizes the importance of not relying on secrecy or hiding security mechanisms. It promotes the idea that security should be based on the strength of the design and not on keeping the design secret. Therefore, it aligns with the practice of "Security should not depend on security-through-obscurity."

Option C) Complete mediation - This option is incorrect. Complete mediation is a security design principle that focuses on the concept of ensuring that every access to a system or resource is checked and authorized. It does not directly relate to the practice of "security-through-obscurity."

Option D) Analyzability - This option is incorrect. Analyzability is a security design principle that emphasizes the importance of being able to analyze and understand the security mechanisms and design of a system. While it is related to the overall security of a system, it does not specifically address the practice of "security-through-obscurity."

The correct answer is B) Open design. This option is correct because it aligns with the principle that "Security should not depend on security-through-obscurity." Open design promotes the idea that security should be based on the strength of the design and not on keeping the design secret.

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To answer this question, let's go through each option to understand why it is correct or incorrect:

Option A) Detection of some attacks - This option is incorrect because one of the advantages of web application firewall technology is its ability to detect and prevent various types of attacks, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and cross-site request forgery (CSRF).

Option B) Configuration and performance - This option is correct because one of the drawbacks of web application firewall technology is the complexity of configuration and its potential impact on performance. Implementing and properly configuring a web application firewall can be a time-consuming and challenging task. Additionally, if the firewall rules are not optimized correctly, it can lead to false positives or false negatives, affecting the performance and functionality of the web application.

Option C) Flexible policy enforcement - This option is incorrect because web application firewall technology offers flexible policy enforcement. It allows administrators to define and enforce specific security policies based on their requirements, such as blocking specific types of requests or preventing unauthorized access.

Option D) Specialized security knowledge - This option is incorrect because while deploying and managing a web application firewall may require some level of specialized security knowledge, it is not necessarily a drawback of the technology itself. Specialized security knowledge is often required for any security solution implementation to ensure its effectiveness.

The correct answer is B) Configuration and performance. This option is correct because the complexity of configuration and potential impact on performance are common drawbacks of web application firewall technology.

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To answer this question, you need to understand the layers of the OSI reference model and their functionalities.

The OSI reference model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a communication system into seven layers. These layers are:

1. Physical Layer: Deals with the physical transmission of data over a physical medium.
2. Data Link Layer: Provides error-free transmission of data frames between nodes over a physical medium.
3. Network Layer: Focuses on routing and forwarding of data packets between different networks.
4. Transport Layer: Ensures reliable and efficient end-to-end delivery of data.
5. Session Layer: Establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between applications.
6. Presentation Layer: Translates, encrypts, or compresses data for the application layer.
7. Application Layer: Provides services directly to the end-user applications.

A telephone number, which is used for telephony communication, can be described on different layers depending on the nature of the telephony system.

Option A) Layer 1: This option suggests that a telephone number can be described on Layer 1 as it represents a series of electrical impulses. However, the physical layer primarily deals with the physical transmission of data and does not specifically describe telephone numbers.

Option B) Layer 3: This option suggests that a telephone number can be described on Layer 3 because it describes communication between different networks. However, Layer 3 (Network Layer) primarily deals with routing and forwarding of data packets, and while it may handle the routing of telephone calls in some systems, it does not specifically describe telephone numbers.

Option C) This option suggests that the layer on which a telephone number can be described depends on the nature of the telephony system, such as Voice-over-IP (VoIP) versus the public switched telephony network (PSTN). This option is correct because the layer on which a telephone number is described may vary depending on the specific telephony system being used.

Option D) This option states that the telephone system is a circuit-based network, and the OSI system only describes packet-switched networks. While it is true that the OSI reference model primarily describes packet-switched networks, it is not accurate to say that the telephone system is completely outside the scope of the OSI model. Some telephony systems can be mapped to certain layers of the OSI model depending on their specific implementation.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C. The layer on which a telephone number can be described depends on the nature of the telephony system being used.

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To answer this question, we need to understand the different types of attacks and their targets.

A. A denial-of-service (DoS) attack on servers on a network - In a DoS attack, the attacker floods the target servers with a large volume of traffic or requests, overwhelming their resources and causing them to become unresponsive or crash. In this case, the network itself is not the target of the attack, but rather the servers on the network.

B. Hacking into a router - When an attacker hacks into a router, they gain unauthorized access to the router's settings and can manipulate its configuration. This allows them to control network traffic, redirect it, or eavesdrop on communication. In this case, the network itself is the target of the attack, as the attacker is compromising the router's security.

C. A virus outbreak saturating network capacity - In this situation, a virus outbreak occurs, causing infected devices on the network to generate excessive network traffic. This surge in traffic saturates the network's capacity and affects its performance. However, the network itself is not the direct target of the attack. Instead, the attack targets the devices connected to the network.

D. A man-in-the-middle attack - In a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack, the attacker intercepts and relays communication between two parties without their knowledge. This allows the attacker to eavesdrop on the communication, manipulate the data, or impersonate one of the parties. The network itself is not the primary target of the attack, but rather the communication passing through it.

Based on the explanations above, the situation in which the network itself is not a target of attack is option C - a virus outbreak saturating network capacity. In this case, the attack targets the devices on the network, causing them to generate excess traffic and saturating the network's capacity.

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