To answer this question, you need to understand what ASLR (Address Space Layout Randomization) and DEP (Data Execution Prevention) are and what types of attacks they are effective against. Let's go through each option to understand why it is correct or incorrect:
Option A) Server Misconfigurations - ASLR and DEP are not specifically designed to counter server misconfigurations. Although they can add an extra layer of security, they are not primarily targeted at addressing misconfigurations.
Option B) Buffer Overflow - This option is incorrect. ASLR and DEP are specifically designed to counter buffer overflow attacks. ASLR randomizes the memory layout, making it difficult for an attacker to predict the location of certain functions or variables. DEP prevents the execution of code in certain regions of memory, making it harder for an attacker to exploit a buffer overflow vulnerability.
Option C) Brute Force Attacks - This option is incorrect. ASLR and DEP are not designed to counter brute force attacks. Brute force attacks involve trying all possible combinations of passwords or encryption keys until the correct one is found. ASLR and DEP do not directly address this type of attack.
Option D) None of the above - This option is incorrect. ASLR and DEP are effective countermeasures against buffer overflow attacks.
The correct answer is B) Buffer Overflow. This option is correct because ASLR and DEP are designed to counter buffer overflow attacks by randomizing memory layout and preventing the execution of code in certain regions of memory, respectively.