Tag: biology

Questions Related to biology

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which hormone stimulates secretion of milk in mammary glands?

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. TSH

  2. Prolactin

  3. Vasopressin

  4. Thyroxine

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

(A) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) promotes growth and function if thyroid gland. 

(B) Prolactin hormone stimulates lactation (milk production) and has a direct effect on the breasts immediately after parturition.
(C) Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) acts mainly at the kidney and stimulates resorption of water and electrolytes by the distal tubules and thereby reduce the loss of water through urine (diuresis). 
(D) Thyroxine is primarily responsible for regulation of metabolism.
So the correct answer is vasopressin.

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which of the following is not an accurate statement about hormones?

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel to target cells through the circulatory system

  2. Hormones often regulate .homeostasis through antagonistic functions

  3. Hormones of the same chemical class usually have the same general function

  4. Hormones are often regulated through feedback loops

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Hormones are nonnutrient chemicals which act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts. All hormones produce their specific effects on target tissue/cells by binding to the specific proteins called as hormone receptors. The normal functioning of endocrine glands and the level of hormones in the body needs to be regulated. This is possible through a feedback mechanism.

So the correct answer is hormones of the same chemical class usually have the same general function.

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Second messengers include:

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. steroid hormones

  2. cyclic AMP

  3. protein hormones

  4. both (a) and (b)

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Hormones which interact with membrane-bound receptors normally do not enter the target cell but generate second messengers (eg, cyclic AMP, IP3, Calcium Ions etc) which in turn regulate cellular metabolism. Hormones which interact with intracellular receptors (eg, steroid hormones, iodothyronines, etc) mostly regulate gene expressions or chromosome function by the interaction of hormone receptor complex with the genome. 

So the correct answer is cyclic AMP.

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which organ does not synthesize hormones?

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. Heart

  2. Adrenal cortex

  3. Anterior pituitary

  4. Pineal gland

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Endocrine gland lack ducts and are called ductless glands. Their secretions are called hormones. Adrenal cortex secrets many hormones commonly called as corticoids. Anterior pituitary secretes many hormones such as GH, PRL, TSH, ACTH etc. The pineal gland secretes three hormones namely, melatonin, serotonin, adrenoglomerulotropin.

So the correct answer is the heart. 

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Human sex hormones are classified as:

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. amino acids

  2. lipids

  3. triacyiglycerols

  4. proteins

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Human sex hormone is steroid hormones. The natural steroid hormones are generally synthesized from cholesterol in the gonads and adrenal glands. These forms of hormones are lipids. 

So the correct answer is lipids.

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which of the following hormones is called an antidiuretic hormone?

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. Glucagon

  2. Prolactin

  3. Vasopressin

  4. Cortisone

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

(A) Glucagon acts mainly on the liver cells and stimulates glycogenolysis resulting in increased blood sugar (hyperglycemia).

(B) Prolactin regulates the growth of the mammary glands and formation of milk in them. 
(C) Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) acts mainly at the kidney and stimulates resorption of water and electrolytes by the distal tubules and thereby reduce the loss of water through urine (diuresis). 
(D) Cortisone is the main glucocorticoid.
So the correct answer is vasopressin.

Which of the following statements is correct in relation to the endocrine system?

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amount that act as intercellular messenger are known as hormones

  2. Releasing and inhibitory hormones are produced by the pituitary gland

  3. Adenohypophysis is under direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus

  4. Organs in the body like gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney and liver to not produce any hormone

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The endocrine system consists of organ, tissue and cells that produce a small amount of non-nutrient chemicals which sends signals to other cells or acts as an intercellular messenger. These chemicals are known as hormones which are transported to their target site through blood.

So the correct answer is 'Non-Nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amount that acts as intercellular messenger are known as hormones'.

Match the following


Sr No Column A Sr.no Column B
A. ADH 1. Pituitary
B. ACTH 2. Vasodilator
C. Insulin 3. Diabetes mellitus 
D. Adrenaline 4. Diabetes insipidus
   

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. A=1,B=4,C=2,D=3

  2. A=4,B=2,C=1,D=3

  3. A=4,B=1,C=2,D=3

  4. A=4,B=1,C=3,D=2

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
 A.  ADH  ADH in the hypothalamus stores the hormone in the pituitary gland, a small gland located in the base of the brain. ADH is released into your bloodstream when your body starts to become dehydrated. ADH then concentrates the urine by triggering the kidney tubules to release water back into your bloodstream rather than excreting as much water into your urine. Disruption of this process causes Diabetes insipidusSo the correct option is 'Diabetes insipidus'
 B.  ACTH  Adrenocorticotropic hormone is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced by and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It is also used as a medication and diagnostic agent. ACTH is an important component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and is often produced in response to biological stress.So the correction option is 'pituitary'
 C.  Insulin  Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that helps the body store and use glucose. Insulin is responsible for delivering that glucose (sugar) from the bloodstream into muscle, fat, liver, and most other cells of the body use it for as a fuel. Improper secretion of insulin causes diabetes mellitus.So the correct option is 'diabetes mellitus'
D Adrenaline Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication. Epinephrine is normally produced by both the adrenal glands and certain neurons. Key actions of adrenaline include increasing the heart rate, increasing blood pressure, expanding the air passages of the lungs, enlarging the pupil in the eye (see photo), redistributing blood to the muscles and altering the body's metabolism, so as to maximise blood glucose levels.So, the correct answer is 'Adrenaline'
   

Which of the following statements regarding hormones is incorrect?

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals which acts as intercellular messengers

  2. Hormones are molecules of low molecular weight and are produced in traces

  3. Hormones provide energy and also effect growth and metabolic activities of target cell

  4. Many hormones are produced in inactive form

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Hormones do not provide energy or building materials but they effect growth, differentiation and metabolic activities of their target cell.

Proteins perform many physiological functions. For example, some proteins function as enzymes. One of the following represents an additional function that some proteins perform
biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. antibiotics

  2. pigment conferring colour to skin

  3. pigment making colours of flowers

  4. hormones

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Most of the body functions are regulated by hormones like growth, vegetative and sexual development, thermal regulation, cellular oxidation, metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc. Hormones are needed in very small quantity to carry out these functions. Some hormones are proteinaceous eg: insulin (regulates sugar metabolism), growth hormone of pituitary, parathyroid hormone parathormone (regulates calcium and phosphate transport).