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Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Hormones may be

  1. Steriods

  2. Peptides

  3. Amino acid derivatives

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Different hormones have different chemical nature depending on the molecules they are made up of.
A. Steroid hormones are synthesised from cholesterol. They are in the form of lipids. For example, aldosterone, cortisol, progesterone etc.
B. Peptide hormones are the proteinaceous hormones. For example, insulin, glucagon, relaxin etc.
C. Amino acid derivatives are the hormones that contain amino acids. For example, thyroxine secreted from thyroid gland contains tyrosine amino acid.
Hence, all the options are correct.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Hypersecretion of GH from pituitary in the adult causes a
disease called

  1. Gigantism

  2. Acromegaly

  3. Cushing's disease

  4. Addison's disease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Hypersecretion of growth hormones or catastrophic hormone during adulthood causes acromegaly. Acromegaly patient has a gorilla like appearance with huge hands and legs.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

An organ where a hormone shows its effect is called

  1. Effector

  2. Target

  3. Initiator

  4. Terminator
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Hormones are the chemicals or signalling molecules secreted from endocrine glands in the blood from where they are carried to their target organs. The target organs are the organs where these hormones act and show their effect. Target organs have receptors for specific hormones where the hormones bind and cause changes in the functioning and regulation of that particular target organ. On the other hand, the organs which respond to any nerve stimulus are called effector organs.
So, the correct answer is 'Target'.
Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Hormone term was coined in 1905 by

  1. E.H. Starling

  2. G.W. Harris

  3. E.H. Schally

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  •  E.H. Starling in 1905 discovered a signalling molecule or chemical secretin, from pancreatic secretions and named this signalling molecule as hormone.
  •  G.W. Harris is known as the father of neuroendocrinology. He worked on the neural control of endocrine system
So, the correct answer is 'E.H. Starling'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following hormones regulate growth and metarnorphosis in insect?

  1. Juvenile hormone

  2. Brain hormone

  3. Ecdysone

  4. Prothoracicotropic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The question asks which hormones regulate growth and metamorphosis. Both juvenile hormone (maintains larval state, inhibits metamorphosis) and ecdysone (causes molting, triggers metamorphosis) regulate these processes. However, only option A (Juvenile hormone) is marked correct, which is incomplete - the question likely meant which SINGLE hormone. Based on the options, A is the best answer among those listed.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which one of the following hormones stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver into glucose?

  1. Insulin

  2. Adrenaline

  3. Glucagon

  4. Thyroxine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A.Insulin – hormone stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver into glucose.

B.Adrenaline – hormone increasing the heart rate, increasing blood pressure, expanding the air passages of the lungs, enlarging the pupil in the eye (see photo), redistributing blood to the muscles and altering the body's metabolism, so as to maximise blood glucose levels (primarily for the brain).

C.Glucagon - The pancreas releases glucagon when the concentration of insulin (and indirectly glucose) in the bloodstream falls too low. Glucagon causes the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is released into the bloodstream. High blood-glucose levels, on the other hand, stimulate the release of insulin.

D.Thyroxine - It plays vital roles in digestion, heart and muscle function, brain development and maintenance of bones.

So, the correct option is ‘Insulin’.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

In mammals, prolactin stimulates the production of

  1. progesterones

  2. milk

  3. mucus in the digestive tract

  4. digestive enzymes in the small intestine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
(A) Progesterone supports a pregnancy. It also acts on the mammary glands and stimulates the formation of alveoli (sac-like structures which store milk) and milk secretion.
(B) Prolactin regulates the growth of the mammary glands and formation of milk in them. 
(C) Mucus in the digestive tract helps in lubricating and adhering the masticated food particles into a bolus.
(D) Digestive enzymes in small intestine such as chymotrypsinogen, amylases, lipases, and nucleases. Trypsinogen is activated by an enzyme, enterokinase, secreted by the intestinal mucosa into active trypsin, which in turn activates the other enzymes in the pancreatic juice.
So the correct option is milk.
Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which of the following hormone initiates secretion of milk?

  1. Prolactin

  2. Luteinizing hormone

  3. Somatotrophic hormone

  4. Progesterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

(A) Prolactin regulates the growth of the mammary glands and formation of milk in them. 

(B) Leutinizing hormone stimulates gonadal activity and hence are called gonadotropin.
(C) Somatotrophic hormone or Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction etc.
(D) Progesterone supports a pregnancy. It also acts on the mammary glands.
So the correct answer is prolactin.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which of the following hormones is incorrectly paired with its action?

  1. Oxytocinstimulates uterine contraction in childbirth

  2. Thyroxinestimulates metabolic processes

  3. Insulinstimulates glycogen breakdown in liver

  4. ACTHstimulates release of glucocorticoids by adrenal cortex
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

(A) Oxytocin initiates vigorous uterine contractions in females at the time of the childbirth, milk secretion by mammary glands, contraction of smooth muscles.

(B) Thyroxine is primarily responsible for regulation of metabolism.
(C) Insulin stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen (glycogenesis).
(D) ACTH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of steroid hormones called glucocorticoids. 
So the correct answer is insulin stimulates glycogen breakdown in liver.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
One of the chief differences between pheromones and local hormones is:

  1. the distance over which they act

  2. that one is a chemical messenger and the other is not

  3. that one is made by invertebrates and the other is made by vertebrates

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Local hormones - A number of hormones are secreted by the cells but not in glands and widely dispersed in the body are called local hormones. Example are histamine, prostaglandins, etc.

Pheromones are chemicals used for communication amongst the organism of the same species. 
So the correct answer is the distance over which they act.