Tag: biology

Channeling the water helps manage the flow of runoff on slopes, preventing it from gaining enough speed to cause significant erosion. While terrace cultivation is also used, channeling is a direct control method for rapid flow.

Soil erosion is washing away or blowing away the top layer of the soil. Plants in the forests are big and are present near to each other. During rain or wind, forest plants prevent the top layer of soil to be cleared. These plants keep the soil intact within their roots and do not let it to blow or washed away. But when such plants are cleared, nothing stops the wind or water to blow away or wash away the top soil layer. This leads to soil erosion. 

Farm land tends to erode more rapidly when continuously planted with sugarcane, as sugarcane requires high moisture and organic content. As the amount of moisture and organic content decreases the top layers of soil can be easily eroded by wind or water

Grass cover provides a dense, low-lying protective layer that prevents soil particles from being detached by rain or wind, complementing the protection provided by trees.

Weathered material is transported by agents like water and wind and eventually settles in low-lying areas known as depositional basins, where it may form sedimentary rocks.

The vetiver grass is grown as a narrow hedge row across the slope of the land that slows down rainfall runoff velocity and filters out soil particles. The vetiver hedges can block the passage of soil. They can keep topsoil on site and, over time, retard most surface erosion. Hedges of this deeply rooted perennial are capable of catching eroded soil and helping to build up terraces that stabilize the site. 

• Surface texture is the best key to wind erosion protection. Very fine soil particles are carried high into the air by the wind and transported great distances (suspension). 
• Fine-to-medium size soil particles are lifted a short distance into the air and drop back to the soil surface, damaging crops and dislodging more soil (saltation). 
• Larger-sized soil particles that are too large to be lifted off the ground are dislodged by the wind and roll along the soil surface (surface creep). The abrasion that results from windblown particles breaks down stable surface aggregates and further increases the soil erodibility.

Water erosion is when the flowing water carries away the soil with it.This amounts for the largest amount of soil erosion. Wind erosion is when the blowing wind carries the soil with it. physical degradation is a gradual process of many steps beginning from structural deterioration and ending in the differential loss of finer particles through erosion. Physical degradation is a gradual process in which the soil is broken down into finer particles. Chemical degradation mainly consists of soil pollution and acidification. Thus the correct answer is option A.

Soil erosion is the process of wearing of upper layer of soil by the natural physical forces such as water and wind or by farming activities. Water erosion and wind erosion are the two major physical forces which play an important role in soil erosion. The farming activities include chemical and physical degradation. Use of pesticides leads to soil erosion. Physical degradation such as cutting of trees leads to soil erosion.