Tag: biology

The kingdom Monera includes all prokaryotes, which may be gram positive or gram negative bacteria. They have a simple structure but are complex in behaviour. Intercellular transport by cyclosis is seen only in eukaryotes and hence is not found in monera. They have an extensive metabolic diversity and their mode of nutrition may be heterotrophic or autotrophic. 

Since the bacteria divides once in half hour. In one hour number of times it will divide = 2

The bacteria are the prokaryotic organisms which are generally heterotrophic. These bacteria feed on the dead and digested matter. There are certain species of bacterium which is inclusive of the cyanobacteria. These are the blue-green algae which can perform photosynthesis due to the presence of the chlorophyll pigments. The other bacterial species can perform chemosynthesis and can utilise the organic and inorganic compounds as the source of energy. 

• Monera is a kingdom that contains unicellular organisms with a prokaryotic cell organization (having no nuclear membrane), such as bacteria. Until recently, all bacteria were grouped together in one kingdom (five-kingdom system). 
• The five-kingdom system is divided into animals, plants, fungi, protists, and monera. The Monera kingdom is made up of two phyla, or groups. They are archaebacteria and eubacteria.

The plant cell possesses a cell wall which is composed of cellulose, pectin and lignin. The cell wall provides mechanical strength and protection to the internal cellular organelles. The bacterial cell also possesses a cell wall which is made up of peptidoglycan. Due to the presence of the cell wall, the bacteria were also considered similar to the plant cell. 

R. H. Whittaker proposed the five kingdom classification in which the Monera group is considered as the most primitive group. The kingdom Monera includes organisms such as the archaebacteria, bacteria, cyanobacteria (BGA), and filamentous actinomycetes. These organisms are unicellular or multicellular prokaryotes. There are different forms of primitive organisms which show that the evolution occurred in these organisms much before compared to the organisms of the other group. 

Monera (Monos – single) includes prokaryotes.Typically, they are one-cell organisms (but one group is mycelial). The naked circular DNA is the genetic material in these organisms. There is no nuclear envelope. The only subcellular organs in the cytoplasm are ribosomes and simple chromatophores.There are no sap vacuoles. Instead, there may be gas vacuole. The predominant nutritional mode is absorbent, but certain groups are photosynthetic (holophytic) and chemosynthetic. The organisms, by beating easy flagella or gliding, are non-motile or move.

The kingdom monera is comprised of the prokaryotic organisms. The blue green algae is included under the kingdom monera. These are primitive form of prokaryotic organisms. They are unicellular or multicellular forming filamentous structures. They do not have well-developed cell organelles such as nuclear membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, etc.