Tag: biology

Water is split in chloroplasts in the light reaction of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll, acting as a photopigment, captures sunlight and transfers that energy to an electron pair of a water molecule. Water molecule is separated into 2 protons, molecular oxygen and a free electron pair, which then enters to PS II and accepted by plastoquinone and carried by variety of electron acceptors in a series of redox potential. The excited electrons are used for photolysis of water generating oxygen and protons which then used in synthesis of ATP and NADPH.

In the electron transport process, the excited electron from P$ _{680}$ is accepted by primary acceptor quinone, which sends them to an electron transport system consisting of plastoquinone, cytochrome complex and plastocyanin.

The excited electron absorbed by P$ _{700}$ reaction centre, then transfer to the ferredoxin (Fe), then the reduced Ferredoxin donates the electron to NADP$^+$.

The NADP$^+$ take an electron from ferredoxin, protons from the medium and get reduced to NADPH in presence of enzyme ferredoxin- NADP- reductase. So, the last electron acceptor of PS I is ferredoxin.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Ferredoxin'.

When the pigment in the reaction center of PS II (P$ _{680}$) absorbs a photon, an electron in this molecule gets excited and first transferred to electron acceptor namely pheophytin then to a series of redox molecules. The electron flow goes from Photosystem II to Photosystem I. It utilizes absorbed light for electron transport from plastocyanin on the lumenal side to ferredoxin on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane to generate NADPH and ATP. 

1. The fall in photosynthetic yield beyond the red region of the spectrum (680 runs) is called red drop.
2. Reaction center of PS-2 is 680 while that of PA-1 is 700.
3. So the psII system will be inactive.

Photosystem II or Pigment system II, a multiprotein complex involved in the non cyclic electron, proton translocation and photophosphorylation. It is located in the inner side of the thylakoid membrane.

So, the correct option is ‘Inner side’.

DCMU (Dichlorophenyl dimethyl urea) is a herbicide which most effectively inhibits PSII in photosynthesis by the stopping CO$ _2$ fixation, which is essential for photosynthesis.

The core of PSII consists of a pseudo-symmetric heterodimer of two homologous proteins D1 and D2. The reaction center chlorophyll (or the primary electron donor) of photosystem II that is most reactive and best in absorbing light at wavelength of 680 nm. P680 is a group of pigments that are excitonically coupled or that act as if the pigments are a single molecule when they absorb a photon.