Tag: biology

Questions Related to biology

Hormones are produced by 

biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Apocrine glands

  2. Endocrine glands

  3. Heterocrine glands

  4. Both B and C

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

  • Apocrine glands are generally present in the skin and secrete their products on the skin surface.
  • Endocrine glands are the ductless glands which secrete their products directly into the blood.
  • Heterocrine glands are the glands which act both as exocrine and endocrine glands.For example, in humans, Pancreas is a heterocrine gland. It secretes insulin hormone into blood and act as endocrine gland and when it secretes digestive enzymes and juice through pancreatic duct, it acts as exocrine gland.
Hormones are the chemicals or signalling molecules that are produced by endocrine glands and secreted into blood stream from where they reach their target organs and cause a change in their function and regulation.
Hence, both options B and C are correct.
So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.

Secretions of ductless glands is known as 

biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Hormones

  2. Pheromones

  3. Enzymes

  4. Mucoids

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A. Hormones are the chemicals or signalling molecules secreted from endocrine glands (ductless glands that secrete their products directly into blood stream from where they are carried to their target organs) which affect the functioning and regulation of target organs.
B. Pheromones are chemicals used by organisms of same species for communication.
C. Enzymes are the biocatalysts that speed up the rate of reaction without getting altered.
D. Mucoids are the fluids secreted from mucosal glands or mucosal membranes.
So, the correct answer is 'Hormones'.

Find out the correct statement. 

biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity but not vice versa.

  2. Neurons regulate endocrine activity but not vice versa.

  3. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity and nervous system regulates endocrine glands.

  4. Neither hormones control neural activity nor the neurons control endocrine activity.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

  • Nervous system is a coordinated network of nerve cells and fibres by which nerve impulses are transmitted throughout the body.
  • Endocrine system consists of glands that produce hormones. Hormones are secreted in the blood from where they reach the target organs and cause changes in their functioning and regulation.
In our body, nervous system and endocrine system jointly integrate all the activities as nervous system directs endocrine system to secrete hormones that act on the target organs.
So, the correct answer is 'Endocrine glands regulate neural activity and nervous system regulates endocrine glands.'.

Which of these is a mixed gland? 

biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Thyroid

  2. Pituitary

  3. Adrenal

  4. Pancreas

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
A. Thyroid gland is situated between the trachea and larynx in the neck and secretes thyroxine hormone which increases oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues.
B. Pituitary gland is the master gland that regulates the activity of other endocrine glands and secretes many hormones like growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone etc.
C. Adrenal gland is present on upper side of kidneys and has two parts, adrenal cortex which secrete glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and sexocorticoids and adrenal medulla which secrete adrenaline and nor-adrenaline hormone.
D. Pancreas is a heterocrine gland as it acts both as endocrine and exocrine gland. It secretes insulin hormone into blood and act as endocrine gland and when it secretes digestive enzymes and juice through pancreatic duct, it acts as exocrine gland.
Hence, pancreas is a mixed gland.
So, the correct answer is 'Pancreas'.

How many endocrine glands are located in human brain?

biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. 3

  2. 4

  3. 2

  4. 9

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
There are three endocrine glands which are located in human brain-
1. Hypothalamus is the basal part of diencephalon which is present in forebrain and it regulates a wide spectrum of body functions. It is an anatomical and physiological connection between the nervous system and the endocrine system. It is connected to the pituitary gland by a stalk called infundibulum.
2. Pituitary gland is located in a bony cavity of the sphenoid bone of the skull called sella tursica and is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk called infundibulum.
3. Pineal gland is located on the dorsal side of forebrain.
So, the correct answer is '3'.

Which one is endocrine? 

biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Brunner's gland

  2. Crypts of Lieberkuhn

  3. Pars radiata

  4. Juxtaglomerulus

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
A. Brunner's gland are present in small intestine and secrete intestinal juice through ducts.
B. Crypts of Lieberkühn, also known as Paneth cells, are tubular glands present in small intestine and secrete intestinal juice.
C. Pars radiata (medullary rays) are the extensions of medulla into cortex of kidney.
D. Juxtaglomerulus is present in kidneys and consists of juxtaglomerular cells or JG cells that secrete enzyme renin and hormone erythropoietin. Hence, juxtaglomerulus is endocrine (ductless glands) as it secretes a hormone.
So, the correct answer is 'Juxtaglomerulus'.

Which is not involved in endocrine secretion? 

biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Leydig cell

  2. Lutein cell

  3. Parafollicular cells of thyroid

  4. Kupffer cells

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Endocrine secretion is the secretion of hormones from endocrine glands which are ductless glands and secrete hormones into blood stream. 
  • Leydig cells are present in testis and secrete testosterone hormone.
  • Lutein cells are present in corpus luteum in ovary and secrete progesterone hormone.
  • Parafollicular cells of thyroid gland secrete calcitonin hormone.
  • Kupffer cells are phagocytic cells in liver that destroy or breakdown red blood cells.
Hence, Kupffer cells are not involved in endocrine secretion.
So, the correct answer is 'Kupffer cells'.

Which one of the following pairs includes only endocrine glands?

biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Thymus and testes

  2. Adrenal and ovary

  3. Parathyroid and adrenal

  4. Pancreas and parathyroid

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Endocrine glands are ductless glands that secrete their products directly into the bloodstream from where they are carried to their target organs and cause changes in their functioning and regulation. Parathyroid gland is present on posterior surface of lobes of thyroid gland and secretes parathormone which increases calcium level in blood. Adrenal glands are located on upper surface of kidneys. They consist of adrenal cortex secreting corticoid hormones and adrenal medulla secreting adrenaline and noradrenaline. Both parathyroid and adrenal gland are endocrine glands.
So, the correct answer is 'Parathyroid and adrenal'.

Which of these hormones are not secreted by an endocrine gland?

biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. ADH

  2. PTH

  3. T$ _4$

  4. ANF

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
A. ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) is secreted from posterior lobe of pituitary gland.
B. PTH (Parathormone) is secreted from parathyroid gland.
C. T4 or tetraiodothyronine is thyroxine hormone which is secreted from thyroid gland.
D. ANF (Atrial natriuretic factor) is a peptide hormone secreted from heart.
Endocrine glands are ductless glands which secrete hormones into blood stream. Heart is not an endocrine gland.
So, the correct answer is 'ANF'.

Which one of the following statements is correct ?

biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Neurons regulate endocrine activity, but not vice verse

  2. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity, and nervous system regulates endocrine glands

  3. Neither hormones control neural activity nor the neurons control endocrine activity

  4. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity, but not vice versa

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
The autonomous nervous system regulates the secretion of glands whereas the glands do not regulate the nervous system.

So, the correct answer is 'Neurons regulate endocrine activity, but not vice verse'.