Tag: biology

Questions Related to biology

Tetany (irregular muscle contraction) and osteoporosis are caused due to the deficiency of

biology control and coordination in living organisms parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Cortisone

  2. Estrogen

  3. Insulin

  4. Parathormone

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Hypoparathyroidism is decreased function of the parathyroid glands with underproduction of parathyroid hormone. This can lead to low levels of calcium in the blood, often causing cramping and twitching of muscles or tetany (involuntary muscle contraction).

Which of the following is correctly matched?

biology control and coordination in living organisms parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Thyroxine - tetanus

  2. Insulin - diabetes insipidus

  3. Adrenaline - hepatitis

  4. Parathyroid - tetany

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Tetany is an abnormal condition characterized by periodic painful muscular spasms and tremors, caused by faulty calcium metabolism and associated with diminished function of the parathyroid glands.

Parathormone influences calcium absorption in the small intestine by regulating the metabolism of

biology control and coordination in living organisms parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Vitamin C

  2. Vitamin D

  3. Vitamin $B _{6}$

  4. Enterogasterone

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Vitamin D increases blood concentrations of calcium. It is generated through the activity of parathyroid hormone within the kidney. The most important effect of vitamin D is to facilitate absorption of calcium from the small intestine. Along with thyroid hormone, vitamin D also enhances fluxes of calcium out of bone.

Parathormone regulates

biology control and coordination in living organisms parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Blood calcium level

  2. Blood calcium and phosphate level

  3. Body temperature

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), parathormone or parathyrin, is secreted by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands. It acts to increase the concentration of calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) in the blood. Parathormone also inhibits the reabsorption of phosphate by the kidney tubules, thereby decreasing serum phosphate concentrations. This potentiates the ability of parathormone to increase serum calcium concentrations because fewer insoluble calcium-phosphate complexes are formed when serum phosphate concentrations are low.

The hormones responsible for regulation of calcium and phosphorous metabolism is secreted by

biology control and coordination in living organisms parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Pancreas

  2. Thyroid

  3. Thymus

  4. Parathyroid

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Parathormone of parathyroid gland reduces the blood phosphate level while increases the blood calcium level. Antagonistic functions of insulin and glucagon hormones of pancreas maintain the homeostasis of blood glucose level. Thyroid hormones regulate the metabolic rate of the body. Thymus hormone serves in the differentiation of lymphocytes present inside the lobules. Thus, the correct answer is D.

Parathyroid hormone

biology control and coordination in living organisms parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Is produced by the thyroid gland

  2. Is released when blood calcium levels fall

  3. Stimulates osteoblasts to lay down new bone

  4. Stimulates calcitonin release

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Parathyroid hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands and is the most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood and within the bones. Parathyroid hormone is mainly controlled by the negative feedback of calcium levels in the blood to the parathyroid glands. Low calcium levels in the blood stimulate parathyroid hormone secretion, whereas high calcium levels in the blood prevent the release of parathyroid hormone.

Parathyroid hormone is a 

biology control and coordination in living organisms parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Peptide

  2. Carbohydrate

  3. Lipid

  4. Steroid

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) or parathormone is secreted by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands as a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids. It acts to increase the concentration of calcium in the blood.

Parathormone is secreted during 

biology control and coordination in living organisms parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Increased blood calcium level

  2. Decreased blood calcium level

  3. Increased blood sugar level

  4. Decreased blood sugar level

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Parathyroid hormone is mainly controlled by the negative feedback of calcium levels in the blood to the parathyroid glands. Low calcium levels in the blood stimulate the parathyroid hormone secretion, whereas high calcium levels in the blood prevent the release of parathyroid hormone. 

The pituitary gland by virtue of its tropic hormones controls the secretory activity of other endocrine glands. Which one of the following endocrine glands can function independently of the pituitary gland?

biology control and coordination in living organisms parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Thyroid

  2. Gonads

  3. Adrenal

  4. Parathyroid

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The parathyroid glands are four tiny glands, located in the neck, each gland is about the size of a grain of rice. Parathyroid gland secretes parathormone hormone, which regulates $Ca^{++}$ and phosphate ion in the body. This gland works independently to the pituitary gland. 

The pituitary gland, on the other hand, is the major endocrine gland, a pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain that is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands, which includes thyroid, gonads and adrenals etc. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

The blood calcium level falls too low because

biology plants and animal hormones parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. The thyroid gland releases calcitonin, which binds to bone cells

  2. The parathyroid glands release PTH, which binds to kidney cells

  3. The thyroid gland releases thyroid hormone, which binds to small intestine cells

  4. The pancreas releases glucagon, which binds to liver cells

  5. The pituitary gland releases growth hormone, which binds to bone cells

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Parathormone of parathyroid gland increases the blood calcium level by binding to receptors present on DCT of the nephron to stimulate conditional reabsorption of calcium. Thyroid hormone does not have any specific target cell and stimulate metabolic rate by all cells. Glucagon regulates blood glucose level while growth hormone stimulate overall growth and development. Calcitonin hormone stimulates a temporary reduction in number and activity of osteoclasts (bone cells) and thereby reducing the blood calcium level. Thus, the correct answer is option A.