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Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Most common kidney stones are made up of

  1. Magnesium phosphate

  2. Calcium oxalate

  3. Uric acid

  4. Cholesterol
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
There are four main types of kidney stones. Calcium stones are the most common type of kidney stones. They are usually made of calcium and oxalate (a natural chemical found in most foods) but are sometimes made of calcium and phosphate. Uric acid stones form when urine is often too acidic.
So, the correct option is 'Calcium oxalate'.
Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Which one of following statements is false?

  1. Presence of albumin in urine is albuminuria.

  2. Presence of glucose in urine is glycosuria.

  3. Presence of ketone sugar in urine is ketonuria.

  4. Presence of excess urea in blood is uremia.

  5. Presence of haemoglobin in urine is haemoglobinuria.

  6. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
F Correct answer
Explanation

Ketones are the end products of fatty acid metabolism in absence of glucose. These ketones are excreted through urine.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Blackening of urine when exposed to air is a metabolic
disorder in human beings. This is due to

  1. Phenylalanine

  2. Tyrosine

  3. Valine replacing glutamine

  4. Homogentistic acid

  5. Glumine replacing valine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Alkaptonuria is an inherited condition that causes urine to turn black when exposed to air. Mutations in the HGD gene cause alkaptonuria. Homogentisic acid, which is produced when phenylalanine and tyrosine are broken down, accumulates in the body. Excess homogentisic acid is deposited in connective tissues, which causes cartilage and skin to darken. Over time, a buildup of this substance in the joints leads to arthritis. Homogentisic acid is also excreted in urine, making the urine turn dark when exposed to air.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Occurrence of excess urea in blood due to kidney failure is

  1. Urochrome

  2. Uraemia

  3. Uricotelism

  4. Ureotelism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Uremia is the presence of excess urea in the blood. It may occur due to chronic kidney disease or kidney failure. Hence occurrence of excess urea in the blood due to kidney failure is uremia.

So, the correct answer is 'Uraemia'.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Uraemia is the occurrence of

  1. Blood in urine

  2. Excess of urea in blood

  3. Excess of sugar in blood

  4. Deficiency of sugar
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Uremia is caused by extreme and usually irreversible damage to your kidneys. This is usually from chronic kidney disease. The kidneys are no longer able to filter the waste from your body and send it out through your urine. Instead, that waste gets into your bloodstream, causing a potentially life-threatening condition.

So, the correct option is 'Excess of urea in blood'.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Haemodialysis helps the patient having

  1. Goitre

  2. Anaemia

  3. Uremia

  4. Diabetes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Hemodialysis is the most common type of dialysis. This process uses an artificial kidney (hemodialyzer) to remove waste and extra fluid from the blood. The blood is removed from the body and filtered through the artificial kidney. The filtered blood is then returned to the body with the help of a dialysis machine.

So, the correct option is 'Uremia'.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Chemical composition of renal calculi, besides uric acid is

  1. Bile salts

  2. Barium chloride

  3. Zinc sulphate

  4. Calcium oxalate
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Approximately 70-80% of kidney stones are composed of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Of the rest, 10% are struvite, 10% of uric acid; and less than 1% are composed of cystine or are diagnosed as drug-related stones. Calcium and uric acid stones are more common in men; women have more struvite stones.
So, the correct option is 'Calcium oxalate'.
Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Renal calculi are formed due to

  1. Calcium oxalate crystals accumulation

  2. Bacterial infection

  3. Clotting of blood

  4. Presence of hard particles in food
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Kidney stones are also called urine calculi. Urine calculi are small stones which are hard deposit in the kidneys and cause pain when are passed through the urinary stream. They are formed often to do accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals.

So, the correct answer is 'Option A'.