Tag: biology

The completely digested food in small intestine is liquid in physical state, so that, absorption of nutrients can be easily carried out but the faeces are reduced in volume and a semi-solid coherent mass because most of the water is absorbed in large intestine.

After the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth, food is passed on from mouth to stomach through the oesophagus where the digestion of proteins takes place. The food enters the small intestine for the digestion of proteins, carbohydrates and fats. Finally, it moves to the large intestine which is the last part of the alimentary canal where water is absorbed and undigested/ unabsorbed food is converted into a coherent mass of faeces and ejected from the body through a muscular anus.

The caecum is an intraperitoneal pouch which is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine. It receives chyme from ileum and connects to the ascending colon of the large intestine. The caecum is called blind sac because caecum looks like a sac which has sphincter at the ileocaecal junction and it remains closed and is invisible. Hence, it is called a blind sac.

• The large intestine is the final section of the gastrointestinal tract that performs the vital task of absorbing water and vitamins while converting digested food into feces.
•  Although shorter than the small intestine in length, the large intestine is considerably thicker in diameter, thus giving it its name. 
• The large intestine is about 5 feet (1.5 m) in length and 2.5 inches (6-7 cm) in diameter.

Bartholin glands are present on both sides of vaginal opening in mammals like human females. Secretions of bartholin glands act as lubricant during sexual intercourse. Adrenal glands are important endocrine glands present over kidneys. These glands secrete adrenaline, noradrenaline hormones. Prostate is an accessory gland present in male mammals. In human males a single prostrate gland is present. The urethra runs through the center of the prostate, from the bladder to the penis, letting urine flow out of the body. In some carnivores and herbivores scent glands are present in anus. These glands secrete pheromones which act as signals to mark territory and attract possible mates.

Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, a finger-shaped pouch that projects from the colon on the lower right of the abdomen.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

The inferior region of the large intestine forms a short dead-end segment known as the cecum that terminates in the vermiform appendix. The superior region forms a hollow tube known as the ascending colon that climbs along the right side of the abdomen. Just inferior to the diaphragm, the ascending colon turns about 90 degrees toward the middle of the body at the hepatic flexure and continues across the abdomen as the transverse colon. At the left side of the abdomen, the transverse colon turns about 90 degrees at the splenic flexure and runs down the left side of the abdomen as the descending colon. At the end of the descending colon, the large intestine bends slightly medially at the sigmoid flexure to form the S-shaped sigmoid colon before straightening into the rectum. The rectum is the enlarged final segment of the large intestine that terminates at the anus.

The vermiform appendix is attached to its posteromedial surface of the large intestine. It contains masses of lymphoid tissue. It is a part of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue which gives the appendix an important role in immunity. Appendicitis is the result of a blockage that traps infectious material in the lumen. The appendix can be removed with no damage or consequence to the patient.