Tag: biology

• The movement of an organism from one place to another, often by the action of appendages such as flagella, limbs, or wings. 
• In some animals, such as fish, locomotion results from a wavelike series of muscle contractions. 
• Types of animal locomotion include walking, running, crawling, rolling, flying, climbing, swimming, skipping and jumping.
•  Bacterial locomotion is of three types: Flagellar, Spirochaetal and Gliding movement. Hence, Locomotion is the characteristic feature of Animal and Microorganism.

Setae are the bristle-like structures that serve in annelid locomotion. Tendon is a connective tissue structure that connects a muscle to another muscle, or a muscle to a bone and serves to transmit the force generated by a muscle during movement. Pseudopods are the outgrowth of the membrane and serve in locomotion in protists. A hydrostatic skeleton is found in many soft-bodied animals and is surrounded by muscles to serve in locomotion. A typhlosole is an internal fold of the intestinal wall found in some mollusks, lampreys and some annelids and echinoderms to serve as absorption surface. 

Bipedalism is a form of terrestrial locomotion where an organism moves by means of its two rear limbs or legs. The major advantage of bipedal locomotion is that it releases forelimbs for other purposes.

• Gait is the pattern of movement of the limbs of animals, including humans, during locomotion over a solid substrate.
•  Most animals use a variety of gaits, selecting gait based on speed and energetic efficiency. 
• Different animal species may use different gaits due to differences in anatomy that prevent the use of certain gaits. 
• In a symmetrical gait, the left and right limbs of a pair alternate, while in an asymmetrical gait, the limbs move together. Asymmetrical gaits are sometimes termed "leaping gaits", due to the presence of a suspended phase. Hence, The motion that gives tetrapod mammals the greatest speed is with An asymmetrical gait.

• The liver receives blood supply from two sources. 
• The first is the hepatic artery which delivers oxygenated blood from the general circulation. 
• The second is the hepatic portal vein delivering deoxygenated blood from the small intestine containing nutrients. Hence, Deoxygenated blood is processed by hepatocytes.

• An arteriole is a small-diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries.
• The liver receives blood from two major blood vessels. The hepatic arterioles bring oxygen-rich blood from the heart.
• The hepatic portal vein brings blood rich in digested nutrients from the intestine. This means excess nutrients can be removed and stored before blood circulates around the body. Hence Arterioles provides oxygen to the liver.

Blood is carried to the liver via two large vessels: the hepatic artery carries oxygen-rich blood from the aorta, and the portal vein carries blood containing digested food from the small intestine. The hepatic portal vein is a blood vessel that conducts blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This blood is rich in nutrients that have been extracted from food, and the liver processes these nutrients; it also filters toxins that may have been ingested with the food. The liver receives about 75% of its blood through the hepatic portal vein, with the remainder coming from the hepatic artery proper. The blood leaves the liver to the heart in the hepatic veins.