Tag: biology

Questions Related to biology

Which of the following statements regarding antibiotics is not correct?


i) Antibiotic is the attenuated microorganisms which in small concentrations, can kill or retard the growth of other harmful microorganisms.
ii) Penicillin was the first antibiotic to be discovered by Alexander Fleming (1928) while working on bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.
iii) The full potential of penicillin as an effective antibiotic was established by Ernest Chain and Howard Florey.
iv) Fleming, Chain, and Florey were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1945.

biology aids to health antibiotics and their uses common health care methods immunization, treatment and antibiotics first aid

  1. (i) Only

  2. (iii) Only

  3. (ii) and (iv)

  4. (i), (iii) and (iv)

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • Antibiotics are antimicrobials that are released by bacteria, fungi or molds naturally or are synthesized artificially that are capable of killing or inhibiting competing microbial species. They are therefore antimicrobial substances and not entire microorganisms that are used. 
  • In 1928 penicillin, the first true antibiotic was discovered by Alexander Fleming from colonies of Staphylococcus bacteria. However, its full potential as an antibiotic was established by Florey and Chain. Howard Florey, Ernst Chain, and Sir Alexander Fleming received the Nobel prize for their work on penicillin in 1945. 
  • So, the correct answer is '(i) only'.

Penicillin kills bacteria by ________________.

biology aids to health antibiotics and their uses common health care methods immunization, treatment and antibiotics first aid

  1. Suppression of clef-wall synthesis

  2. Lyses of protoplasm

  3. Interfering with RNA synthesis

  4. Inhibiting DNA synthesis

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Name an antibiotic manufactured from fungi.

biology aids to health antibiotics and their uses common health care methods immunization, treatment and antibiotics first aid

  1. Penicillin

  2. Streptomycin

  3. Amoxicillin

  4. Ampicillin

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Penicillin, one of the first and still one of the most widely used antibiotic agents, derived from the Penicillium mold. Streptomycin is produced from Streptomyces griseus bacteria. Ampicillin and Amoxicillin are synthetic antibiotics. So the above-selected option is correct 

Match column-I with Column-II and select the option having correct matching.

Column-I Column-II
A. Streptokinase i. Penicillium notatum
B. Statins ii. Monascus purpureus
C. Cyclosporin-A iii. Streptococcus
D. Penicillin iv. Trichoderma
biology aids to health antibiotics and their uses common health care methods immunization, treatment and antibiotics first aid

  1. A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iv

  2. A-iii, B-ii, C-i, D-iv

  3. A-iii, B-ii, C-iv, D-i

  4. A-iv, B-ii, C-iii, D-i

Show answer
Correct Option: C

An antibiotic such as penicillin

biology aids to health antibiotics and their uses common health care methods immunization, treatment and antibiotics first aid

  1. Kills pathogenic bacteria

  2. Prevents pathogenic bacteria from reproducing

  3. Works against infectious viruses

  4. Inhibits the reproduction of retroviruses

  5. Both A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:
Antibiotics function by blocking vital processes in bacteria, killing the bacteria, or stopping them from multiplying. This helps the body's natural immune system to fight the bacterial infection. Antibiotics that affect a wide range of bacteria are called as broad spectrum antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin and gentamicin). Antibiotics that affect only a few types of bacteria are called as narrow-spectrum antibiotics (e.g., penicillin). Penicillin is bactericidal. A bactericidal antibiotic usually either interferes with the formation of the bacterium's cell wall or its cell contents. A bacteriostatic antibiotic stops bacteria from multiplying. An antibiotic is given for the treatment of an infection caused by bacteria. Antibiotics target microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and parasites. However, they are not effective against viruses.

The wonder drug penicillin was discovered by

biology aids to health antibiotics and their uses common health care methods immunization, treatment and antibiotics first aid

  1. Louis Pasteur

  2. Alexander Fleming

  3. Edward Jenner

  4. Jonas Salk

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Penicillin was discovered in London in September of 1928 by Dr. Alexander Fleming, the bacteriologist on duty at St. Mary’s Hospital. The discovery of penicillin has often been described as a miracle drug because prior to the discovery of penicillin, death could occur in very trivial injuries and diseases.

Which one of the following statements is correct?

biology control and coordination in living organisms feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

  1. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity, but not vice versa

  2. Neurons regulate endocrine activity, but not vice versa

  3. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity, and nervous system regulates endocrine glands

  4. Neither hormones control neural activity nor the neurons control endocrine activity

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Endocrine system, like the nervous system, is meant for internal communication and regulation of the animal body. These two systems operate in a coordinated way on many occasions. Many important functions of the endocrine system are infact, under the control of nervous system. Therefore, the two systems are often collectively called as neuroendocrine system

Which part of the body produces the Growth Hormone Releasing Factor (GHRF) ?

biology control and coordination in living organisms feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

  1. Thyroid Gland

  2. Hypothalamus

  3. Pituitary Gland

  4. Pineal Gland

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH), also known as somatocrinin or by several other names in its endogenous forms and as somatorelin (INN) in its pharmaceutical form, is a releasing hormone of growth hormone (GH). It is a 44-amino acid peptide hormone produced in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.

Which of the following hormone helps the body in extreme conditions?

biology control and coordination in living organisms feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

  1. Adrenaline

  2. Cortisone

  3. Thyroxine

  4. Stimulating Hormone

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Cortisone secreted by the Peripheral Cortex of the Adrenal Gland helps body during extreme condition such as high or low temperature. It also helps in burns and several infections.

Which part of the intestine is connected to the Pancreas?

biology control and coordination in living organisms feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

  1. Jejunum

  2. Ilem

  3. Duodenum

  4. Islets of Langerhans

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The Pancreas is about 6 inches long and sits across the back of the abdomen, behind the stomach. The head of the pancreas is on the right side of the abdomen and is connected to the duodenum (the first section of the small intestine) through a small tube called the pancreatic duct.