Tag: biology

Elaters are present in hepaticopsida (marchantia). Pseudoelators are present in Anthocerotopsida, and elaters are absent in Bryopsida. As funaria belongs to Bryopsida, do not have elaters.

Spore is the first cell of gametophytic generation. On a suitable damp habitat, a meiospore of Funaria germinates into a filamentous green alga-like structure called protonema. Protonema has green epiterranean chloronemal branches (chlornema) and non-green subterranean rhizoidal branches (caulonema). The protonema of moss, represents the juvenile stage of gametophyte. 

A female gametangium of bryophyte differ from fungus multicellular sex organs surround by a single layered jacket of sterile cells.

The haploid phase in the life cycle of Funaria is represented by independent leafy gametophyte. The gametophyte is developed from the spore.

The stem and leaves of Funaria are analogous to those of angiosperms because they perform similar functions (support and photosynthesis) but have different evolutionary origins and structures.

The sporogonium of Funaria is attached to the gametophyte and derives water and minerals from it, though it can perform some photosynthesis.

Protonema is a characteristic juvenile filamentous stage in the life cycle of mosses like Funaria. Riccia is a liverwort, Dryopteris is a fern, and Spirogyra is an alga.

The sporophyte of mosses, which consists of foot, seta, and capsule, is technically referred to as a sporogonium. Sporangium is a general term for a spore-producing structure.

In Funaria, the antheridial head contains sterile, club-shaped hairs known as paraphyses. These help in protection and water retention for the antheridia.

The structures in Funaria are called stem-like and leaf-like because they lack true vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) and belong to the gametophytic generation, not the sporophytic generation typical of vascular plants.