Tag: biology

Questions Related to biology

Anaerobic respiration is

biology life processes in living organisms- part 1 fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. Complete oxidation

  2. Incomplete oxidation

  3. Anabolic reaction

  4. Fermentation

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The process of fermentation is the form of anaerobic respiration carried by some microorganisms. Many microorganisms such as fungus and bacteria can grow and flourish in the complete absence of oxygen. Such microorganisms can utilize sugars to convert it into ethanol and evolve carbon dioxide. Since it is the incomplete breakdown of glucose, it yields small amount of energy which is sufficient to maintain the life of organisms like yeast and bacteria. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Fermentation'.

The term 'fermentation' was coined by

biology life processes in living organisms- part 1 fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. Cruickshank

  2. Kostytchev

  3. Pasteur

  4. Buchner

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The process of fermentation is the form of anaerobic respiration carried by some microorganisms. Many microorganisms such as fungus and bacteria can grow and flourish in the complete absence of oxygen. Such microorganisms can utilize sugars to convert it into ethanol or other products and evolve carbon dioxide. Cruickshank used the term 'fermentation' for this process of anaerobic respiration by the microorganisms. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Ethyl alcohol or lactic acid is produced by the process of

biology life processes in living organisms- part 1 fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. Protein synthesis

  2. Respiration

  3. Digestion

  4. Photosynthesis

  5. Fermentation

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Correct Option: E

Fermentation by yeast produces

I. Carbon dioxide
II. Oxygen
III. Water
IV. Alcohol

biology life processes in living organisms- part 1 fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. I only

  2. I and II

  3. I, II and III

  4. I, III and IV

  5. I and IV

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Fermentation is a metabolic process occurs in yeast and bacteria. It occurs in the absence of oxygen. The products produced by yeast includes carbon dioxide, water and ethanol. Glycolysis is the first step of fermentation pathways as well which produces pyruvate, however other steps Kreb's cycle etc. does not take place in the absence of oxygen. Hence option D is correct.

This process is extensively used in alcohol industry. 

Which of the following is the byproduct of anaerobic respiration in muscles?

biology molecular biology fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. Sugar

  2. Lactic acid 

  3. HCl

  4. Oxygen

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Anaerobic respiration is the breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen. In humans, oxygen-starved muscle cells will respire anaerobically under stress such as heavy physical activity. The by-product of anaerobic respiration in muscles is the lactic acid which causes the puffed out feeling. There is a build-up of lactic acid in the muscles during vigorous exercise. The lactic acid needs to be oxidised to carbon dioxide and water later.
So, the correct answer is 'Lactic acid'.

Fermentation is conducted by

biology molecular biology fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. All bacteria.

  2. All fungi.

  3. Some fungi and some bacteria.

  4. All microorganisms.

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Fermentation is the process of anaerobic respiration, which is carried out by some fungi and bacteria. Fermentation also occurs in muscles of higher vertebrates. In these tissues, it is lactic acid fermentation. Fungi and bacteria carry out alcoholic fermentation (yeast).

In which of the following, respiration takes place in absence of oxygen?

biology molecular biology fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. Man

  2. Potato

  3. Yeast

  4. Spirogyra

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Respiration is the catabolic process in which reduced substrates are broken down. The process of respiration can occur in presence of oxygen (aerobic respiration) or absence of oxygen (anaerobic respiration). The process of anaerobic respiration is also called as fermentation. In some microorganisms like yeast, the process of anaerobic respiration (fermentation) results in incomplete breakdown of glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide. 

Aerobic respiration is more advantageous than anaerobic respiration because

biology respiration fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. It requires oxygen

  2. It produces more energy

  3. It causes complete breakdown of respiratory substrate

  4. Aerobic respiration produces water.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The oxidative breakdown of respiratory substrates with the help of atmospheric oxygen is known as aerobic respiration. It involves a complete breakdown of substrates into carbon dioxide and water releasing energy. The energy released per mole of glucose is 686 Kcal or 2870 kJ. 

Oxidation of respiratory substrates in the absence of atmospheric oxygen is termed as anaerobic respiration. It involves an incomplete breakdown of respiratory substrates in which the end products such as ethanol or lactic acid are produced and carbon dioxide is released. The amount of energy released in this case is 247 kJ.
Since the energy released is more in aerobic respiration, it is more advantageous. Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Which one of the following responses of plants to growth hormones is true for ethylene?

biology plant growth other plant hormones cytokinins, ethylene and abscisic acid plant hormones

  1. Increase in cell elongation

  2. Decrease in the formation of female flowers

  3. Increase in ripening of fruits

  4. Decrease in abscission of flowers

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Ethylene affects fruit - ripening. Normally, when the seeds are mature, ethylene production increases and builds - up within the fruit, resulting in a climacteric event just before seed dispersal. The nuclear protein 'Ethylene Insensitive 2' is regulated by ethylene production, and in turn, regulates other hormones including ABA and stress hormones.

Fruit ripening is accelerated by

biology plant growth other plant hormones cytokinins, ethylene and abscisic acid plant hormones

  1. Warm surroundings

  2. Increased nitrogen supply

  3. Reduced water supply

  4. Ethylene rich atmosphere

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ethylene is a plant hormone. It is also called as ripening hormone. It is responsible for ripening of fruits. Fruit ripening is accompanied by increased rate of respiration. Ethylene rich atmosphere is used to accelerate the process of ripening of fruits like banana.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.