Tag: categories of diseases

Tetanus (lockjaw) is an acute infectious disease, affecting the nervous system, caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. Infection occurs by contamination of wounds by bacterial spores.

Congenital diseases are anatomical or physiological abnormalities present since birth, e.g., haemophilia, colour blindness, sickle-cell anaemia, Down's syndrome, Turner's syndrome.

As nose leads to lungs, so microbes that enter the body through nose will affect the lungs.

Through sneezing, the water droplets carrying the microbes enter into the healthy person.

Exophthalmic goitre is characterised by increased body temperature, high blood pressure, bulging of eyeballs, weight loss despite increased appetite, rapid heart beat, nervousness, etc. Endemic goitre is characterised by abnormal cold sensitivity, excessive fatigue, insomnia, low blood pressure.

Allergies are the common diseases that seen in most of the people due to hypersensitivity. It is also defined as the overreaction of the immune system or deviation from the immunity process. This may be due to change in the environment conditions or by any food item. The most common environmental based allergy is the allergy to pollen grains and in food is the peanuts. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Varicose veins are the swelling of the veins that are present under the skin. This is due to the loss of elasticity in the walls of the veins that causes them to stretch out and slows down the blood to move back to the heart. This leads to increased blood pressure and the veins underneath the skin will swell. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Beriberi is a deficiency disorder of thiamine (vitamin B$ _{1}$) that affects many systems of the body, including the muscles, heart, nerves, and digestive system. B$ _{1}$ vitamin benefits include prevention of abnormal development of muscles and nerves, pricking and burning sensation in the toes and feet, leg cramps and atrophy or wasting of the muscles.