Tag: properties of urine and regulation of urine formation

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Questions Related to properties of urine and regulation of urine formation

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

In a negative feedback system, a vascular organ of the brain monitors blood osmolarity and signals the release of ADH. When you eat salty food, your blood osmolarity rises above the set point. Predict what would happen next?

  1. ADH would not be released into bloodstream, large amounts of urine would be produced.

  2. ADH would be released into bloodstream and water would be reabsorbed.

  3. ADH would not be released into bloodstream and water would be reabsorbed.

  4. ADH would not be released, large amounts of urine would be produced.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Anti-diuretic hormone or the vasopressin is secreted by the hypothalamus and is stored and released by the posterior pituitary. This hormone is responsible for maintaining blood volume. When salty food is consumed, it increases the ions in the bloodstream and reduces the volume of the blood. The ADH will be released in this condition, that will directly act on the water reabsorbing channels in the collecting ducts of the nephrons. So, water will be reabsorbed from the filtrate and restored back to the blood. 

Hence, the correct answer is 'ADH would be released into bloodstream and water would be reabsorbed'

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

In absence of ADH, the disease caused is

  1. Diabetes mellitus

  2. Diabetes insipidus

  3. Oliguria

  4. Acromegaly
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes insipidus is a rare condition that occurs when the kidneys are unable to conserve water during the process of filtering blood. Diabetes insipidus is caused by a lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin, which prevents dehydration, or the kidney's inability to respond to ADH. ADH enables the kidneys to retain water in the body. The hormone is produced in the hypothalamus. It is stored and released from the pituitary gland.

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

Assertion  :  The antidiuretic hormone increases the water permeability of distal convoluted tubule.

Reason    :    In absence of ADH, water re-absorption is considerably reduced


  1. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is correct explanation of the assertion

  2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not correct explanation of the assertion

  3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false

  4. If both the assertion and reason are false

  5. If the assertion is false but reason is true
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

ADH is secreted by pituitary gland. It increases the water permeability of distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules, hence, plays a significant role in water re-absorption. The absence of ADH will reduce water reabsorption which may lead to water diuresis or diabetes insipidus.

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

Angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin by

  1. Parathyroid hormone

  2. Androgen

  3. Aldosterone

  4. Renin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Renin is an enzyme secreted by the kidneys that converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, which is a key step in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

ADH takes part in

  1. Water retention in urine
  2. $Na^+$ reabsorption

  3. Reducing urea formation

  4. Absorption of water from urine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The reabsorption of water in the kidneys is under the control of ADH. It triggers the release of aldosterone which increases the concentration of sodium ions in the blood. The increased salt concentration in the blood increases the blood osmotic potential which further increases the reabsorption of water into the collecting tubule.
So, the correct answer is 'Absorption of water from urine'.
Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which ones regulate solute reabsorption during urine formation?

  1. ADH and angiotensin

  2. Angiotensin II and angiotensin I

  3. Norepinephrine and epinephrine

  4. Angiotensin II and aldosterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

 A fall in glomerular blood flow/glomerular blood pressure/GFR can activate the JG cells to release renin which converts angiotensinogen in blood to angiotensin I and further to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II, being a powerful vasoconstrictor, increases the glomerular blood pressure and thereby GFR. Angiotensin II also activates the adrenal cortex to release Aldosterone. Aldosterone causes reabsorption of Na+ and water from the distal parts of the tubule. This also leads to an increase in blood pressure and GFR. This complex mechanism is generally known as the Renin-Angiotensin mechanism. Hence Angiotensin  II and aldosterone regulate solute reabsorption during urine formation.

So, the correct answer is 'Option D'.

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

Excretion of dilute urine is due to

  1. More secretion of aldosterone

  2. Less secretion of vasopressin

  3. Less secretion of glucagon

  4. More secretion of insulin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Aldosterone is the hormone produced by the adrenal gland. Aldosterone balance sodium and potassium in our body. When Excess of aldosterone is produced by the adrenal gland causes the body to lose potassium and retain sodium. It leads to excretion of dilute urine.

So, the correct answer is 'More secretion of aldosterone'.

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

During summer season, which hormone concentration is maintained at high level?

  1. Insulin

  2. Vasopressin

  3. Oxytocin

  4. Corticoid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

During the summer season, The hormone whose concentration is maintained at a high level is Vasopressin or ADH(antidiuretic hormone). When excess water is lost through urine the blood volume is decreased and its osmolarity is increased which stimulates the posterior pituitary to release ADH.ADH decreases the volume of urine by increasing the reabsorption of water by kidneys and prevents diuresis. Hence it is also called antidiuretic hormone.

So, the correct answer is 'Vasopressin'.

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

Identify the correct statement regarding urine formation.

  1. Counter-current mechanism works around glomerulus and PCT

  2. To prevent diuresis, ADH facilitates water reabsorption from the later parts of the tubule

  3. Maximum absorption of electrolytes occurs in Henles loop

  4. A decrease in blood pressure can increase glomerular filtration rate

  5. The collecting duct is impermeable to water and thus helps in diluting the urine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The term diuresis refers to the excessive production of urine. When excess water is lost through urine the blood volume is decreased and its osmolarity is increased which stimulates the posterior pituitary to release ADH.ADH decreases the volume of urine by increasing the reabsorption in the later parts of the tubule and prevents diuresis. 

So, the correct answer is 'To prevent diuresis, ADH facilitates water reabsorption from the later parts of the tubule'.

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

ADH takes part in

  1. Reabsorption of $Na^+$

  2. Reabsorption of watera

  3. Tabular secretion of creatinine

  4. Tubular secretion of urea
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

When excess water is lost through urine the blood volume is decreased and its osmolarity is increased which stimulates the posterior pituitary to release ADH. ADH decreases the volume of urine by increasing the reabsorption of water by kidneys and prevents diuresis. Thus ADH takes part in reabsorption of water.

So, the correct answer is 'Option B'.