Tag: hiv and aids
Questions Related to hiv and aids
Which of the following is STD?
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Cancer
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Malaria
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Pneumonia
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Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease. It is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis.
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium sp and pneumonia by Diplococcus pneumonia.
A sexually transmitted disease caused by bacteria is
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Leprosy
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AIDS
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Syphilis
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Pertussis
Syphilis is a type of sexually transmitted disease , which is caused by a bacteria . It starts as painless sores . It is caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum . So the correct option is 'syphilis' .
Which of the following STDs are not completely curable?
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Chlamydiasis, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis
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Chancroid, syphilis, genital warts
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AIDS, syphilis, hepatitis B
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AIDS, genital herpes, hepatitis B
AIDS, genital herpes and hepatitis B are not completely curable STDs. AIDS is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Genital herpes is caused by Herpes Simplex Virus and hepatitis B is caused by Hepatitis B Virus.
Confirmatory test for STDs is
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ELISA
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PCR
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DNA hybridisation
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all of these
Confirmatory tests for STDs are culture and microscopic observation with specific staining, detection of specific antigen/antibody using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), DNA hybridisation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
It is normally a rare cancer but became a marker of AIDS/ HIV patients.
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Retinoblastoma
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Kaposi's sarcoma
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Lukaemia
- Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer occurs due to an uncontrolled division of squamous epithelium.
- Retinoblast is cancer caused due to a rapid division of immature cells of the retina.
- It is the type of rare cancer that forms masses over several organs like skin, lymph nodes and other parts of the body and skin lesions are found to be purple in color. Since poor immunity and chronic lymphedema are basic causes so it can be considered the marker of HIV/AIDS as it weakens the immune system. In the lesions, the herpes virus is mostly identified.
- Leukemia is cancer caused by the division of damaged WBC.
Which one of the following statements is correct regarding sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?
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A person may contact syphilis by sharing milk with one already suffering from the disease.
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Haemophilia is one of the STDs.
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Genital herpes and sickle-cell anaemia are both STDs.
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The chances of a 5-years boy contracting a STD are very rare.
Syphilis is caused by bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) which is transmitted through sexual intercourse with infected person. Haemophilia is an X-linked genetic disorder of blood, It is not transmitted via any sexual practice. Genital herpes is an STD while sickle-cell anaemia is an autosomal hereditary disorder. The chances of a 5 years old boy contacting an STD are very rare since he is unlikely to have sex at this age. So, the correct answer is 'The chances of a 5-years boy contracting a STD are very rare'.
The smear of herpes virus is stained blue with
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1% methylene blue
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1% alcian blue
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1% toluidine blue
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1% coomassie blue
- Fluid or tissue scrap taken from the lesions and sores that appear in early stages of disease are used to diagnose if the patient is infected with viral infection or not.
- The stains used are such that it may stain the acidic genetic material present in the rapidly dividing cells of the virus or bacteria
- Since the fluid that is taken from the early lesions that appear on the skin in the early stage of the disease have syncytial condition ie more amount of genetic material is present therefore the staining will take place properly.
- 1% toluidine blue is basic dye that will stain the nucleic acid blue.
- Methylene blue is used to observe microscopic life under the microscope. It usually stains the outer wall or membrane of the organism.
- Alcian blue is used to stain acidic polysaccharide in muscles and tissue in histological studies.
- Coomassie blue is used for studying proteins as it stains the protein band blue color so that it can be observed as blue bands with a clear background as it does not stain any other thing in cell.
- Therefore the option C is correct as toluidine is the only dye her which will stain the acidic genetic material in the dividing cells of the virus.
- So, the correct answer is '1% toluidine blue'
To avoid transmission of STDs we should
(i) Avoid sex with multiple partners
(ii) Always have unprotected sex
(iii) Use condoms during coitus
(iv) Avoid sex with unknown partners
(v) Avoid sharing of needles
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(i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v)
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(i), (iii), (iv) and (v)
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(i), (ii) and (iii)
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(i), (ii) and (iv)
STD's are the sexually transmitted disease that can be transferred from one organism to another by the exchange of body fluids.