Tag: hiv and aids

• AIDS(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus(retrovirus). It breaks down the body immune system, leaving the patient vulnerable to a host of life-threatening opportunistic infections.
• HIV destroys(CD4+ cells) T-helper cells.They're responsible for keeping you healthy from common diseases and infections. As HIV gradually weakens your natural defences, signs and symptoms will occur. Hence HIV selectively infects and kills T-lymphocytes.
• So, the correct answer is 'Option C'.

After entering into the body of a person, HIV enters into macrophages, where RNA genome of the virus replicates to produce viral DNA with the help of enzyme reverse transcriptase which gets incorporated into host cell's DNA and directs the cells to produce virus particles. Macrophages continue to produce viruses. Simultaneously, HIV enters into helper T- lymphocytes, replicates and produce more viruses which are released in blood and they attack other lymphocytes causing repeated decrease in T- lymphocytes. Due to this person starts suffering from infections that could have been otherwise overcome. So the correct option is "when HIV damages large number of helper T- lymphocytes"   

AIDS-related complex (ARC) is a phase of HIV infection described clinically but no longer commonly diagnosed in practice. ARC lacks only the opportunistic infections and neoplasms which define AIDS. ARC patients usually show symptoms of fatigue, weight loss upto 10%, night sweats, along with superficial fungal infections of the mouth and fingernails and toenails.

AIDS is caused by HIV (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus). HIV is a member of a group of the retrovirus. Retrovirus has envelope enclosing the RNA genome. HIV is enveloped virus that contains two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase.

Explanation: An acquired disorder is a medical condition which develops post-fetally; in contrast with a congenital disorder, which is present at birth. A congenital disorder may be antecedent to an acquired disorder.

AIDS-related complex or ARC is the initial phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and it includes symptoms such as low-grade fever, weight loss, diarrhea, bacterial/fungal infections etc. Whereas AIDS or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is the advanced form of HIV infection.
So, the correct answer is 'Initial form of AIDS'.

STD are sexually transmitted diseases that are transmitted through sexual contact. Treponema pallidum is a bacterium that causes syphilis disease. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a bacterium that causes Gonorrhea disease. Hepatitis B virus causes hepatitis disease. Out of these diseases, Syphilis is very difficult to diagnose. Hence, this makes it the most dangerous STD.

1. Yeast -  Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the scientific name for baker's yeast.
2. Virus - HIV or Human immunodeficiency virus is the virus which causes AIDS
3. Rhizobium - These are the bacteria that fix nitrogen after becoming established inside the root nodules of legumes.

The sexually transmitted diseases also called venereal diseases, are spread by sexual intercourse with an infected person. The major venereal diseases are syphilis and gonorrhea. Gonorrhoea is caused by a diplococcus bacterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The victim feels burning sensation and pain during urination. Thus option A is the correct answer.

 Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease, that is caused by a parasite. Untreated Syphilis or tertiary syphilis can affect both heart & brain. Its symptoms vary depending on the organ system affected.